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→Pathology of the Large Intestine
Young B, Heath, JW: Wheater's Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas, 4th ed, pp. 249-274. Churchill Livinstone, London, England, 2000.
Young B, Heath, JW: Wheater's Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas, 4th ed, pp. 249-274. Churchill Livinstone, London, England, 2000.
== Pathology of the Large Intestine ==
== Pathology ==
=== Developmental Anomalies ===
=== Developmental Anomalies ===
==== Segmental ====
==== Segmental ====
Segmental anomalies of the intestines are common and range from incomplete occlusion (stenosis) to complete occlusion (atresia) of the lumen.
===== Atresia ani =====
===== Atresia ani =====
*A common congenital defect of the lower gastrointestinal tract.
*Both the anus and rectum can be affected.
*Occurs in all species but is most often seen in calves and pigs.
===== Atresia coli =====
===== Atresia coli =====
*Considered the most common segmental anomaly of the intestine in domestic animals.
*Can affect in particular the spiral colon of Holstein calves and the small colon of foals.
===== Atresia ilei =====
*It is less common to see atresia in the small intestine.
*Mostly seen in calves.
==== Persistent Meckel's diverticulum ====
*Meckel's diverticulum is a remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct of the yolk sac.
*Is usually an incidental finding though it can be associated with impaction and or intussusception.
==== Megacolon ====
==== Megacolon ====
*Occurs in cats, dogs, and pigs.
*May be due to a lack of myenteric plexuses that occurs when neuroblasts fail to migrate from the nerual crest to the colorectal myenteric plexuses.
*Congenital colonic agangliosis, a condition occurring in white foals, can lead to megacolon. It is thought to be an autosomal recessive condition.
'''References''' <br /br>
Brown CC, Baker DC, Barker IK: Alimentary System. In: Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals, ed. Maxie MG, 5th ed., pp. 1-296. Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, 2007.
McGavin DM & Zachary, JF: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4th ed, pp. 301-393. Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, 2007.
=== Physical Disturbances ===
=== Physical Disturbances ===
==== Obstruction ====
==== Obstruction ====