Changes

Also Known As – '''''Endometrial cysts – Glandular cysts – Lymphatic lacunar cysts'''''

Also Known As: '''''Endometrial cysts — Glandular cysts — Lymphatic lacunar cysts'''''

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

There are '''two types of uterine cyst recognised in the horse''':

There are '''two types of uterine cyst recognised in the horse''':

1) '''Endometrial glandular cysts''' – 5-10mm in size and the result of fibrosis around endometrial glands.

# '''Endometrial glandular cysts''' – 5-10mm in size and the result of fibrosis around endometrial glands.

2) '''Lymphatic lacuna cysts''' – >1cm in diameter, can be several cm, caused by lymphangiectasia.

# '''Lymphatic lacunar cysts''' – >1cm in diameter, can be several cm, caused by [[lymphangiectasia]].

Uterine cysts can '''complicate pregnancy diagnosis''', particularly when scanning for [[Twin Pregnancies – Horses|twin pregnancies]]

'''Endometrial''' cysts can be located '''centrally''' and luminally at the bifurcation or may be within the '''uterine body''' where they can be '''luminal or extraluminal'''. Smaller cysts are often luminal while large ones often form extraluminally from blocked lymphatic channels.<ref name="Gary">England, G. C. W (2005) '''Fertility & Obstetrics in the Horse 3rd ed.''' ''Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford''</ref>

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

Significance of uterine cysts is often difficult to assess due to many contributing factors on fertility. Presence of cysts is very common and '''small endometrial cysts are generally of no clinical significance'''<ref name="Gary" />

Significance of uterine cysts is often difficult to assess due to many contributing factors on fertility. Presence of cysts is very common and '''small endometrial cysts are generally of no clinical significance'''<ref name="Gary" />

Large cysts or many in a single area may '''prevent mobility of the embryo''' and thus result in '''failure of [[Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy|maternal recognition of pregnancy]], thus the mare will return to oestrus''' after ~21 days.  

Large cysts or many in a single area may '''prevent mobility of the embryo''' and thus result in '''failure of [[Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy - Anatomy & Physiology|maternal recognition of pregnancy]], thus the mare will return to [[Oestrus Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|oestrus]]''' after ~21 days.  

Numerous cysts can also result in '''early embryonic death,''' usually between '''22 and 44 days of gestation''',<ref name= "Samper" /> possibly due to interference with '''placentation.'''

Numerous cysts can also result in '''early embryonic death,''' usually between '''22 and 44 days of gestation''',<ref name= "Samper" /> possibly due to interference with '''placentation.'''

Multiple small cysts have also been observed in mares with '''chronic, infiltrative endometritis''', which carry a hopeless reproductive progonosis.<ref name="Gary" />

Multiple small cysts have also been observed in mares with '''chronic, infiltrative [[Endometritis - Horse|endometritis]]''', which carry a hopeless reproductive progonosis.<ref name="Gary" />

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

'''Hysteroscopy''' can also be used and is particularly useful for very small cysts.

'''Hysteroscopy''' can also be used and is particularly useful for very small cysts.

Cysts must be '''differentiated from [[Twin Pregnancies – Horses|twin pregnancies]]''' when ultrasound scanning pregnant mares. If any doubt is present, the mare should be '''rescanned after 2-3 days''', after which time a conceptus would have undergone a '''detectable increase in size and likely also changed location''' if during the motile phase. '''Mapping cyst locations prior to breeding is very useful.'''

Cysts must be '''differentiated from [[Twin Pregnancies - Horses|twin pregnancies]]''' when ultrasound scanning pregnant mares. If any doubt is present, the mare should be '''rescanned after 2-3 days''', after which time a conceptus would have undergone a '''detectable increase in size and likely also changed location''' if during the motile phase. '''Mapping cyst locations prior to breeding is very useful.'''

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

{{Learning

{{Learning

|flashcards = [[Uterine Cysts in Horses Flashcards]]

|flashcards = [[Uterine Cysts in Horses Flashcards]]<br>[[Equine Reproduction and Stud Medicine Q&A 07]]

}}

}}

Lavoie, J-P., Hinchcliff, K. W (2008) '''Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Equine 2nd ed'''. ''Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford''

Lavoie, J-P., Hinchcliff, K. W (2008) '''Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Equine 2nd ed'''. ''Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford''

[[Category:To Do - Manson review]] [[Category: Reproductive Diseases -Horse]]

 

 

 

[[Category:Expert Review - Horse]] [[Category: Reproductive Diseases - Horse]]