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This can occur in the sow, bitch and guinea pig.
This can occur in the sow, bitch and guinea pig.
==Diagnosis==
'''Physical examination''' may help identify foetuses in the birth canal. Digital examination of the vagina will also enable the uterine and vaginal tone to be assessed.
<big>'''See also: [[Dystocia - Dog & Cat|Dystocia in the Dog and Cat]]'''</big>
Lack of a response to pressure per vaginum indicates a '''lack of the Ferguson reflex''' which indicates uterine intertia.
'''Radiography''' can be taken to assess the number and size of foetuses.
'''Ultrasound''' can help assess foetal viability.
==Treatment==
If the bitch is in good condition with normal sized puppies and no obstruction, '''medical treatment''' can be attempted.
'''Oxytocin''' can be administered intramuscularly, repeated at 30 minutes for a maximum of 3 injections.
'''Calcium gluconate''' or dextrose solution can also be administered if a suspicion of hypocalcaemia or hypoglycaemia exists.
A '''caesarean section''' is indicated if there is no response to the oxytocin, or if the foetuses are too large for a vaginal birth.
<big>'''See also: [[Dystocia - Dog & Cat#Clinical approach to dystocia in small animals|Clinical Approach to Dystocia in the Dog and Cat]]'''</big>
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