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− | {{toplink
| + | == Introduction == |
− | |backcolour =EED2EE
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− | |linkpage =Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology
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− | |linktext =Reproductive System
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− | |maplink = Reproductive System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
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− | |pagetype =Anatomy
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− | |sublink1=Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology#Female Reproductive Tract
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− | |subtext1=FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
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− | |sublink2=Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology
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− | |subtext2=VAGINA
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− | }}
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− | <br>
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| | | |
| + | Vaginal smears can be used to determine the stage of the oestrous cycle. Smears are generally stained with Leishman's or a Trichrome stain such as Shorr's. |
| | | |
− | == Vaginal Smear == | + | == Vaginal Smears == |
| + | |
| + | * At the onset of pro-oestrus, large numbers of erythrocytes are present. |
| + | * When true oestrus occurs, the number of erythrocytes is reduced, and the smear consists of superficial cells from the stratified squamous epithelium. Such cells include: |
| + | ** Anuclear cells |
| + | ** Cells with pyknotic nuclei |
| + | ** Large intermediate cells |
| + | * Towards the end of oestrus, polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes appear. These become the dominant cell type during metoestrus. |
| + | * In anoestrus,different cell types are present,these are: |
| + | ** Nucleated basal of the stratified squamous epithelium |
| + | ** Intermediate cells of the stratified squamous epithelium |
| + | ** Few [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] |
| + | |
| + | {| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1" |
| + | |
| + | !'''Cell Type''' |
| + | !'''Para Basal''' |
| + | !'''Small Intermediate''' |
| + | !'''Large Intermediate''' |
| + | !'''Anuclear Keratinised''' |
| + | !'''Red Blood''' |
| + | !'''Neutrophils''' |
| + | |- |
| + | | '''Early Pro-Oestrus''' |
| + | | +++ |
| + | | +++ |
| + | | +- |
| + | | - |
| + | | + |
| + | | + |
| + | |- |
| + | | '''Late Pro-Oestrus''' |
| + | | + |
| + | | ++ |
| + | | ++ |
| + | | ++ |
| + | | +++ |
| + | | - |
| + | |- |
| + | | '''Early Oestrus''' |
| + | | - |
| + | | - |
| + | | +++ |
| + | | ++++ |
| + | | ++ |
| + | | - |
| + | |- |
| + | | '''Late Oestrus''' |
| + | | - |
| + | | - |
| + | | +++ |
| + | | +++ |
| + | | - |
| + | | + |
| + | |- |
| + | | '''Ealy Metoestrus''' |
| + | | - |
| + | | + |
| + | | - |
| + | | +- |
| + | | - |
| + | | +++ |
| + | |- |
| + | | '''Anoestrus''' |
| + | | ++ |
| + | | + |
| + | | - |
| + | | - |
| + | | +- |
| + | | + |
| + | |- |
| + | | '''Vaginitis/Pyometra''' |
| + | | +- |
| + | | +- |
| + | | +- |
| + | | - |
| + | | +- |
| + | | ++++ |
| + | | |
| + | |} |
| | | |
| == Vaginal Epithelium == | | == Vaginal Epithelium == |
| + | |
| + | * Anoestrous: low columnar-cuboidal, comprises of 2-3 layers. |
| + | * Pro-oestrus: high stratified squamous persists until late stages of oestrus. |
| + | * Stratum corneum and the layers immediately beneath it are lost by desquamation during pro-oestrus and oestrus. This leaves low squamous epithelium, which becomes converted to columnar epithelium 1-3 weeks after the end of oestrus. |
| + | * Metoestrus and pregnancy: high columnar, higher than during anoestrus. |
| + | * During pro-oestrus, oestrus and early metoestrus, the epithelium and lamina propria are infiltrated with large numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], which eventually escape into the vaginal lumen. |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Female Reproduction]] |
| + | [[Category:Bullet Points]] |