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| ==Roles in the Body== | | ==Roles in the Body== |
− | #'''Energy Metabolism''': Pantothenic acid as CoA forms acetyl-CoA, which condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle during oxidation of glucose and fatty acids<ref name="Silber"/><ref name="NRC">National Research Council (NRC). Vitamins. In Nutrient Requirements for Dogs and Cats. 2006 Washington, DC: National Academies Press p.223-225.</ref> | + | #'''Energy Metabolism''': Pantothenic acid as CoA forms acetyl-CoA, which condenses with oxaloacetate to form citrate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle during oxidation of glucose and fatty acids<ref name="NRC">National Research Council (NRC). Vitamins. In Nutrient Requirements for Dogs and Cats. 2006 Washington, DC: National Academies Press p.223-225.</ref><ref name="Sweetman">Sweetman L. Pantothenic acid and biotin. In Biochemical and physiological aspects of human nutrition. 2000 Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company p. 520-529.</ref> |
− | #'''Synthesis Reactions''': Acetyl-CoA is used to form succinyl-CoA for synthesis of the porphyrin ring in [[Erythrocytes#Function|haemoglobin]]; CoA involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine, ketone bodies, fatty acids, cholesterol, and [[Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) - Nutrition|vitamin D]]<ref name="Silber"/><ref name="NRC"/>. | + | #'''Synthesis Reactions''': Acetyl-CoA is used to form succinyl-CoA for synthesis of the porphyrin ring in [[Erythrocytes#Function|haemoglobin]]; CoA involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine, ketone bodies, fatty acids, cholesterol, and [[Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) - Nutrition|vitamin D]]<ref name="NRC"/><ref name="Sweetman"/>. |
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| ==Consequences of Pantothenic Acid Deficiency== | | ==Consequences of Pantothenic Acid Deficiency== |
| ====Dogs:==== | | ====Dogs:==== |
− | Dogs and puppies fed pantothenic acid-deficient diets experienced poor food intake and can develop sudden prostration and coma, tachypnea and tachycardia, gastritis, enteritis, and [[Intussusception|intussuseptions]]; death can results if efficiency not corrected<ref name="Plesofsky"/><ref name="Sweetman">Sweetman L. Pantothenic acid and biotin. In Biochemical and physiological aspects of human nutrition. 2000 Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company p. 520-529.</ref>. | + | Dogs and puppies fed pantothenic acid-deficient diets experienced poor food intake and can develop sudden prostration and coma, tachypnea and tachycardia, gastritis, enteritis, and [[Intussusception|intussusceptions]]; death can results if efficiency not corrected<ref name="Silber"/><ref>Schaefer AE, et al. Pantothenic acid deficiency studies in the dog. J Biol Chem 1942;143:321-330.</ref>. |
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| ====Cats:==== | | ====Cats:==== |
− | There are no published reports of pantothenic acid deficiencies in adults, but kittens fed pantothenic acid deficient diets experience poor growth rates<ref>Schaefer AE, et al. Pantothenic acid deficiency studies in the dog. J Biol Chem 1942;143:321-330.</ref>. | + | There are no published reports of pantothenic acid deficiencies in adults, but kittens fed pantothenic acid deficient diets experience poor growth rates.<ref>Gershoff SN and Gottlieb LS. Pantothenic acid deficiency in cats. J Nutr 1964;82:135-138.</ref> |
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| Conditions associated with diuresis (e.g. chronic disease, such as [[:Category:Kidney - Pathology|renal disease]] or [[Diabetes Insipidus|diabetes]], or therapeutic intervention, such as [[Fluid therapy|intravenous fluids]] or increased water intake with management of [[Cystitis|lower urinary diseases]]) can result in increased loss of pantothenic acid and may increase daily requirements. Patient on chronic haemodialysis are at an increased risk for developing a deficiency. | | Conditions associated with diuresis (e.g. chronic disease, such as [[:Category:Kidney - Pathology|renal disease]] or [[Diabetes Insipidus|diabetes]], or therapeutic intervention, such as [[Fluid therapy|intravenous fluids]] or increased water intake with management of [[Cystitis|lower urinary diseases]]) can result in increased loss of pantothenic acid and may increase daily requirements. Patient on chronic haemodialysis are at an increased risk for developing a deficiency. |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| <references/> | | <references/> |
| + | <br> |
| + | {{Reviewed Nutrition 1 |
| + | |date = 22 May 2015}} |
| + | {{Waltham}} |
| + | {{OpenPages}} |
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| [[Category:Vitamins]] | | [[Category:Vitamins]] |
− | [[Category:To Do - Nutrition]]
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− | [[Category:To Do - Batch 3]]
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