Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The absolute or relative deficiency of vitamin K can give rise to defective coagulation.

The absolute or relative deficiency of vitamin K can give rise to defective coagulation.

[[Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity|Anticoagulant rodenticide toxiticy]] is one of the most common causes of acquired coagulopathy in small animals. Warfarin itself has a short half-life and a fairly low toxicity in non-rodent species, so unless large or repeated doses are consumed clinical bleeding is rare. However, the second generation anticoagulant rodenticides are far more potent, and it is possible for a domestic animal to acquire secondary poisoning by ingesting a poisoned rodent¹. Dogs are most commonly effected, but predator species such as cats and owls do occaionally suffer from secondary poisonings.

[[Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity|Anticoagulant rodenticide toxiticy]] is one of the most common causes of acquired coagulopathy in small animals. Warfarin itself has a short half-life and a fairly low toxicity in non-rodent species, so unless large or repeated doses are consumed clinical bleeding is rare. However, the second generation anticoagulant rodenticides are far more potent, and it is possible for a domestic animal to acquire secondary poisoning by ingesting a poisoned rodent¹. Dogs are most commonly effected, but predator species such as cats and owls do occasionally suffer from secondary poisonings.

The [[Normal_Mechanisms_of_Haemostatic_Control#Coagulation_physiology|clotting factors]] - factor VII, factor XI and factors II and X in the extrinsic, intrinsic and common pathways respectively are dependent on Vitamn K when activated by the coagulation cascade.

The [[Normal_Mechanisms_of_Haemostatic_Control#Coagulation_physiology|clotting factors]] - factor VII, factor XI and factors II and X in the extrinsic, intrinsic and common pathways respectively are dependent on Vitamin K when activated by the coagulation cascade.

==Other Causes of Vitamin K deficiencies==

==Other Causes of Vitamin K deficiencies==

==Replacement of Vitamin K==

==Replacement of Vitamin K==

Vitamin K₁ is availble as a subcutaneous treatment for cases of rodenticide poisoning. Alternatively, whole blood or plasma tranfusion provides vitamin K dependent clotting factors, which can control symptoms in severe acute cases.

[[Anticoagulant_Rodenticide_Toxicity#Treatment|Vitamin K₁]] is available as a subcutaneous treatment for cases of [[Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity|rodenticide poisoning]]. Alternatively, whole blood or plasma transfusion provides vitamin K dependent clotting factors, which can control symptoms in severe acute cases.

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Coagulation Defects]]

[[Category:Coagulation Defects]][[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:To Do - Blood]][[Category:To Do - Clinical]]

[[Category:Cardiology Section]]