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There are two principal sets of information on zinc deficiency in puppies and adult dogs. The first involves reports of experimentally-induced zinc deficiency. These investigations used low levels of zinc and enhanced levels of calcium, which is known to interfere with zinc absorption. Robertson and Burns<ref name="Robertson">Robertson, B, Burns, M (1963). “Zinc metabolism and the zinc-deficiency syndrome in the dog”. Am. J. Vet. Res. 24:997-1002.</ref> observed deficiency signs in puppies fed dietary zinc at 33 mg/kg with a calcium content of 1.1%, both values on a dry matter (DM) basis. No adverse effects were seen in puppies fed 33 mg/kg zinc and 0.3% calcium or 133 mg/kg zinc with 1.1% calcium. These results were corroborated by Sanecki ''et al.''<ref name="Sanecki">Sanecki, R, Corbin, J, Forbes, R (1982). “Tissue changes in dogs fed a zinc-deficient ration”. Am. J. Vet. Res. 43:1642-1646.</ref><ref name="Sanecki 1">Sanecki, R, Corbin, J, Forbes, R (1985). “Extracutaneous histologic changes accompanying zinc deficiency in pups”. Am. J. Vet. Res. 46:2120-2123.</ref> who produced zinc deficiency in weanling pointer puppies fed up to 35 mg/kg zinc and 2.6% calcium, both on a DM basis. Control puppies fed the same dietary calcium level but 120 mg/kg zinc showed no signs of deficiency.
There are two principal sets of information on zinc deficiency in puppies and adult dogs. The first involves reports of experimentally-induced zinc deficiency. These investigations used low levels of zinc and enhanced levels of calcium, which is known to interfere with zinc absorption. Robertson and Burns<ref name="Robertson">Robertson, B, Burns, M (1963). “Zinc metabolism and the zinc-deficiency syndrome in the dog”. Am. J. Vet. Res. 24:997-1002.</ref> observed deficiency signs in puppies fed dietary zinc at 33 mg/kg with a calcium content of 1.1%, both values on a dry matter (DM) basis. No adverse effects were seen in puppies fed 33 mg/kg zinc and 0.3% calcium or 133 mg/kg zinc with 1.1% calcium. These results were corroborated by Sanecki ''et al.''<ref name="Sanecki">Sanecki, R, Corbin, J, Forbes, R (1982). “Tissue changes in dogs fed a zinc-deficient ration”. Am. J. Vet. Res. 43:1642-1646.</ref><ref name="Sanecki 1">Sanecki, R, Corbin, J, Forbes, R (1985). “Extracutaneous histologic changes accompanying zinc deficiency in pups”. Am. J. Vet. Res. 46:2120-2123.</ref> who produced zinc deficiency in weanling pointer puppies fed up to 35 mg/kg zinc and 2.6% calcium, both on a DM basis. Control puppies fed the same dietary calcium level but 120 mg/kg zinc showed no signs of deficiency.
The second set of reports comes from naturally-occurring zinc deficiency syndromes. One occurs in northern breed dogs, typically Siberian huskies or Alaskan Malamutes, which is due to a genetic defect that interferes with zinc absorption. In one study huskies represented 76% of dogs with zinc-responsive dermatosis<ref>White, SD, Bourdeau, P, Rosychuk, RAW, Cohen, B, Bonenberger, T, Fieseler, KV, Ihrke, P, Chapman, PL, Schultheiss, P, Zur, G, Cannon, A, Outerbridge, C (2001). “Zinc-responsive dermatosis in dogs: 41 cases and literature review”. Vet. Dermatol. 12:101-109.</ref>. Treatment requires lifelong dietary supplementation with a zinc content of 150 to 200 mg/kg DM. Another syndrome has been reported in which zinc deficiency is due to feeding cereal-based pet foods containing high concentrations of substances, such as phytate, that bind zinc and reduce its availability<ref>Huber, T, Laflamme, D, Medleau, L, Comer, K, Rakich, P (1991). “Comparison of procedures for assessing adequacy of dog foods”. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 199:731-734.</ref><ref>Sousa, C, Stannard, A, Ihrke, P, Reinke, S, Schmeitzel, L (1988). “Dermatosis associated with feeding generic dog foods: 13 cases (1981 – 1982)”. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 192:676-680. </ref><ref>Van Den Broek, A, Thoday, K (1986). “Skin disease in dogs associated with zinc deficiency: A report of five cases”. J. Sm. Anim. Pract. 27:313-323.</ref>.
The second set of reports comes from naturally-occurring [[Zinc Deficiency|zinc deficiency syndromes]]. One occurs in northern breed dogs, typically Siberian huskies or Alaskan Malamutes, which is due to a genetic defect that interferes with zinc absorption. In one study huskies represented 76% of dogs with zinc-responsive dermatosis<ref>White, SD, Bourdeau, P, Rosychuk, RAW, Cohen, B, Bonenberger, T, Fieseler, KV, Ihrke, P, Chapman, PL, Schultheiss, P, Zur, G, Cannon, A, Outerbridge, C (2001). “Zinc-responsive dermatosis in dogs: 41 cases and literature review”. Vet. Dermatol. 12:101-109.</ref>. Treatment requires lifelong dietary supplementation with a zinc content of 150 to 200 mg/kg DM. Another syndrome has been reported in which zinc deficiency is due to feeding cereal-based pet foods containing high concentrations of substances, such as phytate, that bind zinc and reduce its availability<ref>Huber, T, Laflamme, D, Medleau, L, Comer, K, Rakich, P (1991). “Comparison of procedures for assessing adequacy of dog foods”. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 199:731-734.</ref><ref>Sousa, C, Stannard, A, Ihrke, P, Reinke, S, Schmeitzel, L (1988). “Dermatosis associated with feeding generic dog foods: 13 cases (1981 – 1982)”. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 192:676-680. </ref><ref>Van Den Broek, A, Thoday, K (1986). “Skin disease in dogs associated with zinc deficiency: A report of five cases”. J. Sm. Anim. Pract. 27:313-323.</ref>.
====Recognised Syndromes related to Zinc Deficiency====
====Recognised Syndromes related to Zinc Deficiency====
#'''Biochemical:''' Clinical findings include a decrease in total serum zinc and the serum concentration of enzymes requiring zinc<ref name="Robertson"/>.
#'''Biochemical:''' Clinical findings include a decrease in total serum zinc and the serum concentration of enzymes requiring zinc<ref name="Robertson"/>.