Changes

==Structure and Function==

==Structure and Function==

[[Image:Proventriculus Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Proventriculus Anatomy - RVC 2008]]

[[Image:Proventriculus Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Proventriculus Anatomy - RVC 2008]]

 

The proventriculus is a storage organ in fish and flesh eating birds. It is appropriate to a soft diet and secretes digestive enzymes. It contacts the left lobe of the [[Avian Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] ventrally and laterally. It is related dorso-caudally to the [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]]. It is more cranial than the [[Gizzard - Anatomy & Physiology|gizzard]] and lies to the left of the midline of the bird. It is spindle/fusiform shaped. The lumen diameter is similar to the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]]. There is no oesophageal sphincter.

The proventriculus is a storage organ in fish and flesh eating birds. It is appropriate to a soft diet and secretes digestive enzymes. It contacts the left lobe of the [[Avian Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] ventrally and laterally. It is related dorso-caudally to the [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]]. It is more cranial than the [[Gizzard - Anatomy & Physiology|gizzard]] and lies to the left of the midline of the bird. It is spindle/fusiform shaped and is roughly 4cm long. The lumen diameter is similar to the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]]. There is no oesophageal sphincter.

==Histology==

==Histology==

[[Image:Proventriculus Histology.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Proventriculus Histology - Dr. Thomas Caceci and Dr. Ihab El-Zhogby, Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt]]

[[Image:Proventriculus Histology.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Proventriculus Histology - Dr. Thomas Caceci and Dr. Ihab El-Zhogby, Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt]]

The proventriculus consists of '''mucous cells'''. It has a '''columnar epithelium''' and the cells are basophilic. There are '''papillae''', through which collecting ducts from glands run. '''Lamina propria''' run into the papillae. Hydrochloric acid and pepsin are produced in the glands in the submucosa. Single tubular glands are grouped into lobules with a common opening into a papillae. There is a serous membrane of '''mesothelial cells''' attached to the outer longitudinal layer of muscle. The proventriculus has 3 layers of '''lamina muscularis''' and no parietal cells.

The proventriculus has a '''columnar epithelium''' and the cells are basophilic. It contains '''mucous cells'''. There are '''papillae''' through which collecting ducts from glands run. '''Lamina propria''' run into the papillae. Hydrochloric acid and pepsin are produced in the glands in the submucosa. Single tubular glands are grouped into lobules with a common opening into a papilla. There is a serous membrane of '''mesothelial cells''' attached to the outer longitudinal layer of muscle. The proventriculus has 3 layers of '''lamina muscularis''' and no parietal cells.

==Links==

==Links==

[[Category:Avian Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]]

[[Category:Avian Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]]

[[Category:To Do - Review]]

[[Category:A&P Done]]