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*Usually young animals; 2 years of ages but sometimes up to 10 years or older
 
*Usually young animals; 2 years of ages but sometimes up to 10 years or older
 
*Failure to thrive
 
*Failure to thrive
*Neurological signs due to Hepatic Encephalopathy: bizarre behaviour, head pressing, seizures, intermittent blindness
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*Waxing and waning neurological signs due to [[Hepatic Encephalopathy]]: bizarre behaviour, head pressing, seizures, intermittent blindness.  These are usually most severe an hour or two post prandial but this may not be obvious in all cases
 
*Ptyalism in cats
 
*Ptyalism in cats
*Dysuria, stranguria, haematuria due to urate stone formation
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*Dysuria, stranguria, haematuria associated with urate stone formation
 
**An increase in ammonium concentration in the blood decreases the ability of enzymes to convert uric acid to allantoin, therby results in urate stones.
 
**An increase in ammonium concentration in the blood decreases the ability of enzymes to convert uric acid to allantoin, therby results in urate stones.
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*Intermittent vomiting or diarrhoea
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====Other Tests====
 
====Other Tests====
*Increased bile acids
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*Increased postprandial ± preprandial bile acids
 
*Increased ammonia levels
 
*Increased ammonia levels
      
===Diagnostic Imaging===
 
===Diagnostic Imaging===
 
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A definitive diagnosis relies on visualisation of the shunting blood vessel either with ultrasonography or contrast portography or at surgery.
===Histopathology===
         
==Treatment==
 
==Treatment==
*Surgical ligation of anomolous vessels
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*Surgical ligation of the anomolous vessels
 
**Beware of possible portal hypertension post ligation.  For this reason, a partial ligation is performed initally, followed by a complete ligatio a few months later.
 
**Beware of possible portal hypertension post ligation.  For this reason, a partial ligation is performed initally, followed by a complete ligatio a few months later.
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*Medical treatment of [[Hepatic Encephalopathy]]
 
==Prognosis==
 
==Prognosis==
  
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