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*Usually young animals; 2 years of ages but sometimes up to 10 years or older
*Usually young animals; 2 years of ages but sometimes up to 10 years or older
*Failure to thrive
*Failure to thrive
*Neurological signs due to Hepatic Encephalopathy: bizarre behaviour, head pressing, seizures, intermittent blindness
*Waxing and waning neurological signs due to [[Hepatic Encephalopathy]]: bizarre behaviour, head pressing, seizures, intermittent blindness. These are usually most severe an hour or two post prandial but this may not be obvious in all cases
*Ptyalism in cats
*Ptyalism in cats
*Dysuria, stranguria, haematuria due to urate stone formation
*Dysuria, stranguria, haematuria associated with urate stone formation
**An increase in ammonium concentration in the blood decreases the ability of enzymes to convert uric acid to allantoin, therby results in urate stones.
**An increase in ammonium concentration in the blood decreases the ability of enzymes to convert uric acid to allantoin, therby results in urate stones.
*Intermittent vomiting or diarrhoea
====Other Tests====
====Other Tests====
*Increased bile acids
*Increased postprandial ± preprandial bile acids
*Increased ammonia levels
*Increased ammonia levels
===Diagnostic Imaging===
===Diagnostic Imaging===
A definitive diagnosis relies on visualisation of the shunting blood vessel either with ultrasonography or contrast portography or at surgery.
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
*Surgical ligation of anomolous vessels
*Surgical ligation of the anomolous vessels
**Beware of possible portal hypertension post ligation. For this reason, a partial ligation is performed initally, followed by a complete ligatio a few months later.
**Beware of possible portal hypertension post ligation. For this reason, a partial ligation is performed initally, followed by a complete ligatio a few months later.
*Medical treatment of [[Hepatic Encephalopathy]]
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==