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Normal Parturition - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)

Revision as of 16:23, 8 December 2010

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== Cow ==

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==[[Parturition Behaviour - Cow| Cow]] ==

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~~=== Stage 1 ===~~

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* Lasts ~6 hours

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* Relaxing of pelvic ligaments.

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* Mammary secretions change from transparent,honey-like to opaque, cellular colostrum.

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* Body temperature subnormal by ~0.6◦C.

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* Parturition will begin 12 hours after complete relaxation of the posterior borders of the sacrosciatic ligaments.

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* Heifers may show signs of abdominal pain for up to 24 hours before the cervix is fully dilated.

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* Occasional straining may occur.

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* Picks at feed, irregular rumination

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* 'Lowing'

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* Kicking of the abdomen

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* Restless, may stand with her back arched and tail raised.

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** May go down and rise again frequently

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* Pulse rate often increased to 80-90.

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~~=== Stage 2 ===~~

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* Lasts 30 minutes - 4 hours

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** Longer in heifers than in cows

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** Male calves take longer to be born

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* Onset marked by the appearance of the amnoin ('water bag') at the vulva.

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* Less frequent straining

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* Remains standing at first

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* During passage of the head through the vulva, the cow normally goes down and remains recumbent until the calf is born.

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* May lie on her side or in sternal recumbency.

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* Placental separation occurs more slowly than in the mare.

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* Umbillical cord of the calf is shorter than in the foal and generally ruptures as the calf falls from the vulva.

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~~=== Stage 3 ===~~

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* Expulsion of the foetal membranes usually occurs ~6 hours after the birth of the calf.

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** After 24 hours consider a pathological cause for retained placenta.

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* Cow will eat the foetal membranes.

== Ewe ==

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* Placenta usually expelled within 2-3 hours after birth of the lamb.

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[[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]

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== Sow ==

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** Risk of crushing the piglets!

* Sow remains down for a period of time and allows the piglets to suckle.

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[[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]

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== Bitch ==

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* Discharge is dark green in colour.

** Due to breakdown of the marginal haematoma, blood pigment biliverdin escapes.

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[[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]

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== Cat ==

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* Consumed by the queen.

* Breakdown of marginal haematoma releases biliverdin, giving the discharge a brownish colour.

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[[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]

[[Category:Parturition]]

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