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Normal Parturition - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)

Revision as of 16:23, 8 December 2010

1,183 bytes removed ,  16:23, 8 December 2010
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== Cow ==
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==[[Parturition Behaviour - Cow| Cow]] ==
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=== Stage 1 ===
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* Lasts ~6 hours
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* Relaxing of pelvic ligaments.
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* Mammary secretions change from transparent,honey-like to opaque, cellular colostrum.
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* Body temperature subnormal by ~0.6◦C.
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* Parturition will begin 12 hours after complete relaxation of the posterior borders of the sacrosciatic ligaments.
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* Heifers may show signs of abdominal pain for up to 24 hours before the cervix is fully dilated.
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* Occasional straining may occur.
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* Picks at feed, irregular rumination
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* 'Lowing'
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* Kicking of the abdomen
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* Restless, may stand with her back arched and tail raised.
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** May go down and rise again frequently
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* Pulse rate often increased to 80-90.
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=== Stage 2 ===
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* Lasts 30 minutes - 4 hours
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** Longer in heifers than in cows
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** Male calves take longer to be born
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* Onset marked by the appearance of the amnoin ('water bag') at the vulva.
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* Less frequent straining
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* Remains standing at first
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* During passage of the head through the vulva, the cow normally goes down and remains recumbent until the calf is born.
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* May lie on her side or in sternal recumbency.
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* Placental separation occurs more slowly than in the mare.
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* Umbillical cord of the calf is shorter than in the foal and generally ruptures as the calf falls from the vulva.
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=== Stage 3 ===
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* Expulsion of the foetal membranes usually occurs ~6 hours after the birth of the calf.
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** After 24 hours consider a pathological cause for retained placenta.
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* Cow will eat the foetal membranes.
      
== Ewe ==
 
== Ewe ==
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* Placenta usually expelled within 2-3 hours after birth of the lamb.
 
* Placenta usually expelled within 2-3 hours after birth of the lamb.
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[[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]
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== Sow ==
 
== Sow ==
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** Risk of crushing the piglets!
 
** Risk of crushing the piglets!
 
* Sow remains down for a period of time and allows the piglets to suckle.
 
* Sow remains down for a period of time and allows the piglets to suckle.
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[[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]
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== Bitch ==
 
== Bitch ==
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* Discharge is dark green in colour.
 
* Discharge is dark green in colour.
 
** Due to breakdown of the marginal haematoma, blood pigment biliverdin escapes.
 
** Due to breakdown of the marginal haematoma, blood pigment biliverdin escapes.
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[[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]
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== Cat ==
 
== Cat ==
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* Consumed by the queen.
 
* Consumed by the queen.
 
* Breakdown of marginal haematoma releases biliverdin, giving the discharge a brownish colour.
 
* Breakdown of marginal haematoma releases biliverdin, giving the discharge a brownish colour.
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[[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]
       
[[Category:Parturition]]
 
[[Category:Parturition]]
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