*'''Biochemistry:''' Transient elevations in one or more of the following parameters may be seen; Alanine Aminotransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase, Bile Acids, Glutamate Dehydrogenase, Creatinine Kinase and Creatinine <ref name="multiples"> '''Clinical and biochemical changes in 53 Swedish dogs bitten by the European adder - ''Viper berus'' ''', Lervik et al, Acta Vet Scand. 2010; 52(1):26, accessed at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2873270/?tool=pubmed#B1 on 08.12.10 </ref>