Changes

'''Caudal Thoracic''' (x2) - located between the body wall and the thoracic air sacs.  

'''Caudal Thoracic''' (x2) - located between the body wall and the thoracic air sacs.  

'''Abdominal''' (x2) - these are the largest air sacs and fill the caudodorsal region of the abdomen, in contact with [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small]] and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestines]], [[Macroscopic Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|kidneys]] and [[Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology|reproductive]] organs. In addition these airsacs utilise space within the acetabulum and synsacrum. The Cervical, Clavicular and Cranial Thoracic air sacs form one functional group - '''Cranial''', with the Caudal Thoracic and Abdominal Air sacs forming another, '''Caudal''' functional group. The air sacs have a vital role in [[Ventilation - Anatomy & Physiology|ventilation]], but do not have the capacity for [[Gas Exchange - Anatomy & Physiology|gaseous exchange]].

'''Abdominal''' (x2) - these are the largest air sacs and fill the caudodorsal region of the abdomen, in contact with [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small]] and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestines]], [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|kidneys]] and [[Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology|reproductive]] organs. In addition these airsacs utilise space within the acetabulum and synsacrum. The Cervical, Clavicular and Cranial Thoracic air sacs form one functional group - '''Cranial''', with the Caudal Thoracic and Abdominal Air sacs forming another, '''Caudal''' functional group. The air sacs have a vital role in [[Ventilation - Anatomy & Physiology|ventilation]], but do not have the capacity for [[Gas Exchange - Anatomy & Physiology|gaseous exchange]].

==Avian Ventilation==

==Avian Ventilation==