Changes

The descending duodenum passes out of the '''pylorus''' of the [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] (on the right side of the abdomen) and has a sigmoid flexure. It passes towards the right abdominal wall and rises dorsally. In its passage, it is related dorsally to the right lobe of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]], ventrally to the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] and medially to the ascending [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] and [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]].  

The descending duodenum passes out of the '''pylorus''' of the [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] (on the right side of the abdomen) and has a sigmoid flexure. It passes towards the right abdominal wall and rises dorsally. In its passage, it is related dorsally to the right lobe of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]], ventrally to the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] and medially to the ascending [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] and [[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|caecum]].  

At a point between the right [[Macroscopic Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|kidney]] and pelvic inlet, it turns medially and cranially around the root of the mesentery to become the ascending duodenum. The point of turn is called the ''caudal flexure'' of the duodenum.

At a point between the right [[Renal Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology#Common Anatomy|kidney]] and pelvic inlet, it turns medially and cranially around the root of the mesentery to become the ascending duodenum. The point of turn is called the ''caudal flexure'' of the duodenum.

The ascending duodenum is shorter and bends ventrally to enter the mesentery and becomes the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]. The '''mesoduodenum''' attaches the duodenum to the dorsal abdominal wall. Within the mesoduodenum is the right lobe of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]]. The pancreatic and bile ducts open into the duodenum. The bile duct and one of the pancreatic ducts discharge into the proximal part of the duodenum by separate ''major duodenal papillae''. The second pancreatic duct discharges a little more distally on a smaller papilla. The cranial part of the descending duodenum is attached to the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] by the '''hepatoduodenal ligament'''. This is a remnant of the [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|ventral mesogastrium]] in the embryo. The bile duct runs within the '''hepatoduodenal ligament'''.

The ascending duodenum is shorter and bends ventrally to enter the mesentery and becomes the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]. The '''mesoduodenum''' attaches the duodenum to the dorsal abdominal wall. Within the mesoduodenum is the right lobe of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]]. The pancreatic and bile ducts open into the duodenum. The bile duct and one of the pancreatic ducts discharge into the proximal part of the duodenum by separate ''major duodenal papillae''. The second pancreatic duct discharges a little more distally on a smaller papilla. The cranial part of the descending duodenum is attached to the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] by the '''hepatoduodenal ligament'''. This is a remnant of the [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|ventral mesogastrium]] in the embryo. The bile duct runs within the '''hepatoduodenal ligament'''.