Changes

*The nose consists of the external nares with nasal [[Bones and Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology#Structure and Function of Cartilage|cartilages]], the nasal cavity (including the nasal meatus and conchae), and the [[Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|paranasal sinuses]].

The nose consists of the external nares with nasal [[Bones and Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology#Structure and Function of Cartilage|cartilages]], the nasal cavity (including the nasal meatus and conchae), and the [[Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|paranasal sinuses]].

*The nasal cavity is essentially a tube with a wall established by several [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Bones of the Skull|bones of the skull]]. The borders of the nasal cavity are as follows:

The nasal cavity is essentially a tube with a wall established by several [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Bones of the Skull|bones of the skull]]. The borders of the nasal cavity are as follows:

- ''Caudal'': cribrifrom plate of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Ethmoid Bone (os ethmoidale)|ethmoid bone]]

'''Caudal''': The cribrifrom plate of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Ethmoid Bone (os ethmoidale)|ethmoid bone]].

- ''Ventral'': continuous with the nasopharynx

'''Ventral''': Continuous with the nasopharynx.

- ''Dorsal'': the maxilla and the palatine processes of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Incisive Bone (os incisivium)|incisive bone]]

'''Dorsal''': The maxilla and the palatine processes of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Incisive Bone (os incisivium)|incisive bone]].

*Rostrally, the median septum is a continuation of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Ethmoid Bone (os ethmoidale)|ethmoid bone]]. The median septum is made up of [[Bones and Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology#Hyaline Cartilage|hyaline cartilage]], and divides the nasal cavity into left and right halves.

Rostrally, the median septum is a continuation of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Ethmoid Bone (os ethmoidale)|ethmoid bone]]. The median septum is made up of [[Bones and Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology#Hyaline Cartilage|hyaline cartilage]], and divides the nasal cavity into left and right halves.

[[Image:DogHeadDissection.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The nasal cavity can be seen filled with conchae in this photograph of a canine head. ©Nottingham 2008]]

[[Image:DogHeadDissection.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The nasal cavity can be seen filled with conchae in this photograph of a canine head. ©Nottingham 2008]]

*The nasal cavity is occupied to a large extent by '''''Nasal conchae'''''. These are turbinate bones which project into the nasal cavity with the purpose of supporting the [[Nose - Anatomy & Physiology|olfactory]] mucus membranes and increasing the respiratory surface area, creating turbulence within the passing air. This helps to filter, warm or cool the air that passes through.  

The nasal cavity is occupied to a large extent by '''nasal conchae'''. These are turbinate bones which project into the nasal cavity with the purpose of supporting the [[Nose - Anatomy & Physiology|olfactory]] mucus membranes and increasing the respiratory surface area, creating turbulence within the passing air. This helps to filter, warm or cool the air that passes through.  

*The Conchae are [[Bones and Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology#Types of Cartilage|cartilage]]nous or ossified scrolls which arise from the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Ethmoid Bone (os ethmoidale|''ethmoid bone'']]. They are covered with mucous membrane, under which is a layer of anastomosing blood vessels.

The conchae are [[Bones and Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology#Types of Cartilage|cartilage]] or ossified scrolls which arise from the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Ethmoid Bone (os ethmoidale|ethmoid bone]]. They are covered with mucous membrane, under which is a layer of anastomosing blood vessels. The nasal conchae are more complex in animals with a better sense of smell, as they increase the surface area of the [[Nose - Anatomy & Physiology|olfactory]] region, further.

The nasal conchae are more complex in animals with a better sense of smell, as they increase the surface area of the [[Nose - Anatomy & Physiology|Olfactory]] region, further.

*There are dorsal and ventral conchae, the dorsal concha originating from the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Ethmoid Bone (os ethmoidale)|ethmoid bone]] and attaching to the maxilla, and the vental conchae originating from the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Maxilla|maxilla]] and extending further into the nasal cavity.

There are '''dorsal''' and '''ventral conchae''', the dorsal concha originating from the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Ethmoid Bone (os ethmoidale)|ethmoid bone]] and attaching to the maxilla, and the vental conchae originating from the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Maxilla|maxilla]] and extending further into the nasal cavity. The conchae divide the nasal cavity into nasal ducts or '''meatuses''', which branch out from a common nasal meatus which is adjacent to the nasal septum. There are three nasal meatuses which branch from the common nasal meatus: '''dorsal''', '''middle''' and '''ventral''':

*The conchae divide the nasal cavity into nasal ducts or ''meatuses'', which branch out from a common nasal meatus which is adjacent to the nasal septum. There are three nasal meatuses which branch from the common nasal meatus: dorsal, middle and ventral:

'''Dorsal nasal meatus'''

The passage between the roof of the nasal cavity and the dorsal nasal concha.

- '''Dorsal nasal meatus''': the passage between the roof of the nasal cavity and the dorsal nasal concha

'''Middle nasal meatus'''

Between the dorsal and ventral conchae, it communicates with the [[Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|paranasal sinuses]].

- '''Middle nasal meatus''': between the dorsal and ventral conchae, and communicates with the [[Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|paranasal sinuses]].

'''Ventral nasal meatus'''

The main pathway for airflow leading to the pharynx, it is positioned between the ventral nasal concha and the floor of the nasal cavity.

- '''Ventral nasal meatus''': the main pathway for airflow leading to the pharynx, and is positioned between the ventral nasal concha and the floor of the nasal cavity.

'''Common nasal meatus'''

The longitudinal space on either side of the nasal septum.  

The [[Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|paranasal sinuses]] are extensions of the nasal cavity.

 

*The [[Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|Paranasal Sinuses]] are extensions of the nasal cavity.

==Function==

==Function==