Changes

==Integument System==

==Integument System==

===Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)===

===Dermatophytosis (Ringworm)===

Fungal infections occur infrequently in hamsters. ''Trichophyton mentagrophytes'' and ''microsporum spp'' are the most commonly isolated. In Infection may be asymptomatic or show clinical signs including small, patchy alopecia.

Fungal infections occur infrequently in hamsters. ''Trichophyton mentagrophytes'' and ''microsporum spp'' are the most commonly isolated. In Infection may be asymptomatic or show clinical signs including small, patchy alopecia.

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===Mange===

===Mange===

The mites ''Demodex criceti'' and ''Demodex aurati'' can have a reasonably high infestation level without clinical signs. Both mites are often found together, although ''Demodex criceti'' is considered to be non-pathogenic. Increased incidence has been reported in males an older animals and also as a secondary condition to malnutrition or concurrent disease.

The mites ''Demodex criceti'' and ''Demodex aurati'' can have a reasonably high infestation level without clinical signs. Both mites are often found together, although ''Demodex criceti'' is considered to be non-pathogenic. Increased incidence has been reported in males an older animals and also as a secondary condition to malnutrition or concurrent disease.

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===Lice===

===Lice===

===Other Mite Infestations===

===Other Mite Infestations===

Other species of mite reported in hamsters include ''Sarcoptes scabei, Notodres spp'' (ear mite), ''Speleorodens clethrionomys'' (nasal mite) and ''Ornithonyssus bacoti'' (tropical rat mite).

Other species of mite reported in hamsters include ''Sarcoptes scabei, Notodres spp'' (ear mite), ''Speleorodens clethrionomys'' (nasal mite) and ''Ornithonyssus bacoti'' (tropical rat mite).

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===Abscesses===

===Abscesses===

Skin abcesses are often caused by trauma including fighting. ''Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Pasturella pneumotropica'' and ''Actinomyces aureus'' have been isolated from skin abcesses.

Skin abcesses are often caused by trauma including fighting. ''Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Pasturella pneumotropica'' and ''Actinomyces aureus'' have been isolated from skin abcesses.

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==Reproductive System==

==Reproductive System==

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