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Canine Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 19:53, 18 January 2011
, 19:53, 18 January 2011→Musculature
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There are a number of muscles contained within the '''[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Rump Muscles|rump muscles]]'''. The '''superficial gluteal''' originates within the gluteal fascia, lateral aspect of sacrum, sacral tuber of ilium, first caudal vertebra and the sacrotuberous ligament. It inserts via a tendon running caudodistally over the greater trochanter and inserting just distal to it. The '''middle gluteal''' originates between the iliac crest and gluteal line of the ilium and inserts on the greater trochanter. The '''tensor muscle of the fascia lata''' originates on the ventral aspect of iliac spine and aponeurosis of the middle gluteal and inserts via the fascia lata to the patella. This muscle fans out into the fascia lata and is bordered by the middle gluteal dorsally and the sartorius muscle cranially. The '''biceps''' originate from the cranial superficial head of the sacrotuberous ligament and the from the lateral aspect of iscial tuberosity on the caudal head. The two muscle bellies of the '''biceps''' unite at an aponeurosis attached to the stifle and crural fascia and this fascia then inserts on the patella, patella ligament, and tibial tuberosity. A distal tendon of the muscle seperates from the main muscle belly and passes under the adductor and along the gastrocnemius. It moves in front of the calcaneal tendon and combining with a tendon of the semitendinous muscle inserts on the calcaneal tuberosity. The '''semitendinous muscle''' originates from the caudal and ventrolateral aspect of the ischial tuberosity between the heads of the biceps and semimembranous muscle. It then inserts via a strong tendon to the cranial aspect of the tendon. An accessory tendon, as mentioned above, also attaches to the calcaneal tuberosity. The '''semimembranous''' muscle originates from the ventral aspect of the ischium and inserts via a short tendon to the aponeurosis of the gastrocnemius and via a longer tendon to the medial femoral condyle and medial tibial condyle. The cranial element of the '''sartorius''' muscle originates on the iliac crest and unites with the femoral fascia and stifle fascia. The caudal part originates from the ventral iliac spine and joins the aponeurosis of the gracilis on the cranial aspect of the tibia. The '''pectineal''' muscle originates from a fleshy origin from the iliopubic eminence and a tendinous origin from the prepubic tendon. The '''pectineal''' then inserts via a tendinous attachment to the popliteal surface of the femur. The '''adductor muscles''' contain a number of smaller specific muscles with differing origins and insertions. The '''greater adductor muscle''' originates from the pelvic symphysis and prepubic tendon and inserts on the popliteal fossa and the lateral supracondylar tuberosity. The '''short adductor''' originates on the pubic tubercle and inserts on the caudal aspect of the femur. The '''long adductor''' is fused to the pectineal. (This is remains unfused in cats). Finally, the '''internal obturator''' originates from the ischium, pubis and ischiatic arch and covers the obturator foramen. It inserts on the trochantic fossa via a strong tendon that passes over the lesser sciatic notch.
==Proximal Hindlimb including Stifle and Tarsus==
==Proximal Hindlimb including Stifle and Tarsus==