Changes

==Musculature==

==Musculature==

'''Interosseous'''

===Interosseous===

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The function of the interosseous is to support the metacarpophalangeal joints. It originates from the palmar aspect of the proximal end of the metacarpal bones and inserts on the sesamoid bones of the metacarpophalangeal joint, where it then continues as extensor branches that wrap round the dorsal aspect of the digit to join the extensor tendons.  

The function of the interosseous is to support the metacarpophalangeal joints. It originates from the palmar aspect of the proximal end of the metacarpal bones and inserts on the sesamoid bones of the metacarpophalangeal joint, where it then continues as extensor branches that wrap round the dorsal aspect of the digit to join the extensor tendons.  

====Forelimb====

====Forelimb====

'''Superficial digital flexor'''

'''Superficial digital flexor'''

* Function - flexion of the digits

* Origin - medial epicondyle of the humerus

The function of this muscle is to facilitate flexion of the digits. It originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the palmar aspect of the middle phalanges.

* Insertion - palmar aspect of the middle phalanges

 

'''Deep digital flexor'''

'''Deep digital flexor'''

* Function - flexion of the digits

This muscle allows flexion of the digits. It originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, proximal radius and ulna. It inserts on the palmar aspect of distal phalanges.

* Origin - medial epicondyle of the humerus, proximal radius and ulna

* Insertion - palmar aspect of distal phalanges

 

'''Common digital extensor'''

'''Common digital extensor'''

* Function - extensor of the digits

This muscle works as an extensor of the digits. It originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the extensor process of the distal phalanx.

* Origin - lateral epicondyle of the humerus

* Insertion - extensor process, distal phalanx

 

'''Lateral digital extensor'''

'''Lateral digital extensor'''

* Function - extensor of the digits

This muscle allows extension of the digits. It originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts on the proximal phalanx.

* Origin - lateral epicondyle of the humerus

* Insertion - proximal phalanx

 

====Hindlimb====

====Hindlimb====

'''Long Digital Extensor'''

'''Long Digital Extensor'''

* Origin - extensor fossa of the lateral femoral condyle.

This muscle allows extension of the digits. It originates from the extensor fossa of the lateral femoral condyle and inserts in the  flexor aspect of the tarsus and branches which continue onto the extensor process of each of the distal phalanges. It divides into four branches at the level of the tarsus and are bound by the fibrous transverse bands of the proximal and distal retinaculum and are enclosed by a common synovial sheath.

* Insertion - flexor aspect of the tarsus and branches which continue onto the extensor process of each of the distal phalanges.

* It divides into four branches at the level of the tarsus and are bound by the fibrous transverse bands of the proximal and distal retinaculum and are enclosed by a common synovial sheath.

 

'''Lateral Digital Extensor'''

'''Lateral Digital Extensor'''

* Origin - proximal fibula and lateral collateral ligament of the stifle.

This muscle allows extension of the digits. It originates from the proximal fibula and lateral collateral ligament of the stifle. It joins to the tendon of the long digital extensor to insert on the distal phalanx of the 5th digit.

* Insertion - It joins to the tendon of the long digital extensor to insert on the distal phalanx of the 5th digit.

 

'''Long Extensor of the first digit'''

'''Long Extensor of the first digit'''

* Origin - Proximal fibula

* Origin - Proximal fibula