**Similar to [[Dictyocaulus viviparus|''D. viviparus'']] in cattle
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**Lesions tend to be less widespread because worm numbers are generally low
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=== Diagnosis ===
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*Grazing history
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*Clinical signs
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*Faecal examination (larval identification possible by examining head, e.g. ''Dictyocaulus filaria'' (knob) or tail, e.g. ''Muellerius'' (single spine), ''Protostrongylus'' (wavy, no spine) → prognosis)
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=== Control ===
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*'''''Dictyocaulus filaria''''':
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**Difficult because outbreaks are unpredictable
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**PGE control measures are normally sufficient to prevent outbreaks of disease
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**Where these occur, remove and treat affected stock, replace with older immune sheep if necessary
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**A commercial vaccine was available in the Middle East, though its use (were it still available) would be uneconomic in the UK
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==Test yourself with the Small Ruminant Nematodes Flashcards==