Changes

=Abdominal Musculature=

=Abdominal Musculature=

*Ventrolateral Muscles: flanks and abdominal floor

The ventrolateral muscles of the abdomen create the flanks and abdominal floor. All muscles join via aponeuroses in the '''linea alba''' at midline, which runs from the [[Ribs and Sternum - Anatomy & Physiology#Costae|xiphoid process]] to the [[Pelvis - Anatomy & Physiology#Pelvic Girdle|pelvic symphysis]] via the prepubic tendon, ensheathing the '''rectus abdominus'''. The '''external abdominal oblique''' runs caudoventrally from the lateral surface of the ribs and the lumbar fascia to the linea alba. Its caudal border is thickened to form the inguinal ligament and a slit in its aponeurosis forms the superficial inguinal ring. The '''internal abdominal oblique''' runs cranioventrally from the tuber coxae and the thoracolumbar fascia to the linea alba. It forms the cranial border of the inguinal canal. The '''transversus abdominus''' is the deepest muscle of the flank, running dorsoventrally from the inner surface of the last ribs and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. The '''rectus abdominus''' forms a broad band parallel to the linea alba, arising from the ventral costal cartilages and inserting on the prepubic tendon. It also forms the medial border of the inguinal canal. The '''sublumbar muscles''' include the '''psoas minor''' which is a stabilizer of the vertebral column and may also rotate the pelvis at the sacroiliac joint, and the '''psoas major''' and '''Iliacus'''.

**All muscles join via aponeuroses in the '''linea alba''' at midline, which runs from the [[Ribs and Sternum - Anatomy & Physiology#Costae|xiphoid process]] to the [[Pelvis - Anatomy & Physiology#Pelvic Girdle|pelvic symphysis]] via the prepubic tendon, ensheathing the ''rectus abdominus''

**The ''External abdominal oblique'' runs caudoventrally from the lateral surface of the ribs and the lumbar fascia to the linea alba. Its caudal border is thickened to form the inguinal ligament and a slit in its aponeurosis forms the superficial inguinal ring.

**The ''Internal abdominal oblique'' runs cranioventrally from the tuber coxae and the thoracolumbar fascia to the linea alba. It forms the cranial border of the inguinal canal.

**The ''Transversus abdominus'' is the deepest muscle of the flank, running dorsoventrally from the inner surface of the last ribs and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.

**The ''Rectus abdominus'' forms a broad band parallel to the linea alba, arising from the ventral costal cartilages and inserting on the prepubic tendon. It also forms the medial border of the inguinal canal.

**''Psoas minor'': stabilizer of the vertebral column, may also rotate the pelvis at the sacroiliac joint

**''Psoas major'' and ''Iliacus'':

=Video Links=

=Video Links=