Changes

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{{unfinished}}  

====Hosts====

==== Hosts ====

*Sheep

 

*Grouse

*Sheep  

*Hares

*Grouse  

*Deer elk

*Hares  

*Small rodents

*Deer elk  

*Ticks (eg. ''Ixodes ricinus'')

*Small rodents  

*Ticks (eg. ''Ixodes ricinus'')  

*Man

*Man

====Pathogenesis====

==== Pathogenesis ====

*First phase:

 

**Pyrexia with virus in '''macrophages'''

*First phase:  

**Recovery

**Pyrexia with virus in '''macrophages'''  

*Second phase:

**Recovery  

**Second replication in '''Purkinje cells''' of the cerebellum and '''motor nuclei''' of the brain stem

*Second phase:  

**Trembling, torticollis, and irregular gait

**Second replication in '''Purkinje cells''' of the cerebellum and '''motor nuclei''' of the brain stem  

**In grouse: starvation

**Trembling, torticollis, and irregular gait  

**In grouse: starvation  

**In man: flu-like symptoms can be followed by coma, but recovery normal

**In man: flu-like symptoms can be followed by coma, but recovery normal

====Epidemiology====

==== Epidemiology ====

*Reservoir host: '''Ticks (''Ixodes ricinus'')'''

 

**Passed to host by '''saliva'''

*Reservoir host: '''Ticks (''Ixodes ricinus'')'''  

**Virus can be spread '''between ticks''' when co-feeding on small rodents

**Passed to host by '''saliva'''  

**Virus can be spread '''between ticks''' when co-feeding on small rodents  

*Spread mirrors seasonal tick activity

*Spread mirrors seasonal tick activity

====Diagnosis====

==== Diagnosis ====

*Clinical signs

 

*Clinical signs  

*PM: virus isolation and histopathology of brain tissue

*PM: virus isolation and histopathology of brain tissue

====Control====

==== Control ====

*Sheep dipping in '''acaracides''' (vector control)

 

*'''Inactivated vaccines''' in late pregnancy can '''boost maternal antibody'''

*Sheep dipping in '''acaracides''' (vector control)  

**Lambs inoculated >4 months of age

*'''Inactivated vaccines''' in late pregnancy can '''boost maternal antibody'''  

**Lambs inoculated >4 months of age  

*Human vaccination where at risk

*Human vaccination where at risk

[[Category:Flaviviruses]][[Category:Sheep Viruses]][[Category:Poultry]][[Category:Zoonoses]][[Category:Rodents]]

 

[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical/Viruses]]

[[Category:Flaviviruses]] [[Category:Sheep_Viruses]] [[Category:Avian Viruses]] [[Category:Zoonoses]] [[Category:Rodents]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical/Viruses]] [[Category:Neurological_Diseases_-_Sheep]]

[[Category:Neurological Diseases - Sheep]]