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Sodium and Water Deficiency (view source)
Revision as of 14:15, 14 February 2011
, 14:15, 14 February 2011Created page with "===Deficiency of Both Sodium and Water=== * Known as "salt depletion". * The effects of the sodium (and therefore chloride) loss predominate. ** There is clinically detectable d..."
===Deficiency of Both Sodium and Water===
* Known as "salt depletion".
* The effects of the sodium (and therefore chloride) loss predominate.
** There is clinically detectable dehydration.
====Causes====
* '''Gastro-intestinal disorders'''.
** [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]] and [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]].
* '''Gut crises'''.
** [[:Category:Obstruction, Intestinal|Intestinal obstruction]].
** [[Torsion, Intestinal|Torsions]].
** Ruminal/ abomasal impaction.
* '''Excessive and prolonged sweating'''.
** Heat exhaustion.
* '''Renal disease'''.
** Nephritis.
** May also be associated with diabetes mellitus toxicity.
* '''Severe haemorrhage or burns'''.
** Result in severe plasma losses.
====Effects====
* Loss of sodium and chloride reduces the osmolality of extracellular fluid.
** There is a simultaneous loss of water.
* Water is transferred from the ECF to cells.
** Cells over-hydrate and may rupture.
* ECF volume falls.
** Resultis in haemoconcentration and peripheral circulatory failure.
* Renal involvement may become significant.
===Water Excess===
* Known as "water intoxication".
====Causes====
* Results from induced hypo-osmolality, e.g.
** Excessive administration of water to previously deprived animals.
** Administration of large volumes of water to animals with acute renal failure.
====Effects====
* The ECF osmolality is reduced.
* Water is transferred to the cells and they become "water-logged".
** Intracellular oedema in the CNS results in convulsions and death.
[[Category:Circulatory Disorders - Pathology]]
* Known as "salt depletion".
* The effects of the sodium (and therefore chloride) loss predominate.
** There is clinically detectable dehydration.
====Causes====
* '''Gastro-intestinal disorders'''.
** [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]] and [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]].
* '''Gut crises'''.
** [[:Category:Obstruction, Intestinal|Intestinal obstruction]].
** [[Torsion, Intestinal|Torsions]].
** Ruminal/ abomasal impaction.
* '''Excessive and prolonged sweating'''.
** Heat exhaustion.
* '''Renal disease'''.
** Nephritis.
** May also be associated with diabetes mellitus toxicity.
* '''Severe haemorrhage or burns'''.
** Result in severe plasma losses.
====Effects====
* Loss of sodium and chloride reduces the osmolality of extracellular fluid.
** There is a simultaneous loss of water.
* Water is transferred from the ECF to cells.
** Cells over-hydrate and may rupture.
* ECF volume falls.
** Resultis in haemoconcentration and peripheral circulatory failure.
* Renal involvement may become significant.
===Water Excess===
* Known as "water intoxication".
====Causes====
* Results from induced hypo-osmolality, e.g.
** Excessive administration of water to previously deprived animals.
** Administration of large volumes of water to animals with acute renal failure.
====Effects====
* The ECF osmolality is reduced.
* Water is transferred to the cells and they become "water-logged".
** Intracellular oedema in the CNS results in convulsions and death.
[[Category:Circulatory Disorders - Pathology]]