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| | ==Anatomy and Physiology== | | ==Anatomy and Physiology== |
| | Anatomy and Physiology of the Parathyroid glands can be found [[Parathyroid Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|here]]. | | Anatomy and Physiology of the Parathyroid glands can be found [[Parathyroid Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|here]]. |
| | ==[[Hypercalcaemia]]== | | ==[[Hypercalcaemia]]== |
| − | * Hypercalcaemia should not be ignored in an unwell animal.
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| − | ** The consequences of hypercalcaemia may be serious: prolonged untreated hypercalcaemia can lead to irreversible damage to many organs, particularly the kidneys.
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| − | ** There are multiple causes of hypercalcaemia, but if it is caught early a specific diagnosis and treatment are often possible.
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| − | * The clinical signs of hypercalcaemia are often vague.
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| − | ** Signs commonly include:
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| − | *** PU/PD
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| − | *** Anorexia
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| − | *** Dehydration
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| − | *** Weakness or lethargy
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| − | *** [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]]
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| − | *** Prerenal azotaemia
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| − | ** More uncommonly, hypercalcaemia may present with:
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| − | *** Constipation
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| − | *** Cardiac arrhythmia
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| − | *** Seizures or twitching
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| − | *** [[Kidney Renal Failure - Pathology#Acute|Acute renal failure]]
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| − | *** Death
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| − | * Causes of hypercalcaemia may be:
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| − | *# Nonpathologic
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| − | *#* This may be due to:
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| − | *#** Age - young animals have naturally higher calcium levels.
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| − | *#** Lab error
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| − | *#** Lipaemia
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| − | *#* It is important to establish whether hypercalcaemia is true before persuing further diagnosis and treatment.
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| − | *# Transient...
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| − | *#* ...hypoadrenocorticism
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| − | *#* ...haemoconcentration
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| − | *#* ...hyperproteinaemia
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| − | *# Pathological
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| − | *#* Malignancy
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| − | *#* Lymphoma
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| − | *#* [[Parathyroid Glands - Pathology#Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma|Anal sac adenocarcinoma]]
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| − | *#* [[Kidney Renal Failure - Pathology|Renal failure]]
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| − | *#* [[Bones Metabolic - Pathology#Hypervitaminosis D|Hypervitaminosis D]]
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| − | *#* Granulomatous disease
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| − | *#** E.g fungal infections
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| − | *#* [[Parathyroid Glands - Pathology#Primary|Primary hyperparathyroidism]]
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| − | *#* Skeletal lesions
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| − | [[Category:Parathyroid Glands - Pathology]]
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