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** "Milk fever" in lactating cattle.
** "Milk fever" in lactating cattle.
** Eclampsia (parturient tetany) in bitches.
** Eclampsia (parturient tetany) in bitches.
* Hypocalcaemia is a relatively common finding in
** Small animals
*** Most often associated with decreased albumin concentrations.
*** Usually clinically insignificant.
** Farm animals
*** For example, dairy cows following parturition.
**** More clinically significant.
* Clinical signs may not always be present (i.e. clinically insignificant).
** Clinical signs are most often seen in associated with lactation or post-operative causes.
** When they seen, signs commonly include:
*** Facial rubbing
*** Muscle tremors or cramps
*** Stiff gait
*** Behavioural changes
** The following are seen less commonly:
*** Panting
*** Pyrexia
*** Lethargy
*** Anorexia
*** Tachycardia or ECG abnormalities
*** Hypotension
*** Death
* Some causes of hypocalcaemia are also more common than others.
** Common causes are:
*** Chronic renal failure
*** Hypoalbuminaemia
*** Eclampsia
*** Acute pancreatitis
*** Iatrogenic
*** Post thyroidectomy
*** Post parathyroidectomy
*** Blood transfusion
** More uncommonly:
*** Lab error
*** Ethylene glycol toxicity
*** NaHCO<sub>3</sub> administration
*** Hypovitaminosis D
*** Hypomagnesaemia
*** Intestinal malabsorption
*** Primary hypoparathyroidism
[[Category:Parathyroid Glands - Pathology]]
[[Category:Vascular Fluid]]
[[Category:Vascular Fluid]]