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*Predominant losses in males
*Predominant losses in males
*Sudden loss in hens that have history of Artificial Insemination (A.I.) 4- 5 days previously
*Sudden loss in hens that have history of Artificial Insemination (A.I.) 4- 5 days previously
*Sudden death without clinical signs in many birds
*'''Sudden death '''without clinical signs in many birds
*Prior to death some birds may have an unsteady gait and appear weak
*Prior to death some birds may have an unsteady gait and appear weak
*Dark, purplish, swollen snoods are seen on affected males
*'''Dark, purplish, swollen snoods''' are seen on affected males
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*'''Enlarged friable liver,''' [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] and '''kidney'''
*'''Enlarged friable liver,''' [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] and '''kidney'''
*Lesions concurrent with'''septicaemia '''and congestion
*Lesions concurrent with '''septicaemia '''and '''congestion'''
*Petechial haemorrhage in abdominal fat
*Petechial haemorrhage in abdominal fat
*Haemorrhage in heart muscle
*Haemorrhage in heart muscle
*Culture of the organism from dead birds is effective, but will not produce quick enough results for treatment of the flock
*Culture of the organism from dead birds is effective, but will not produce quick enough results for treatment of the flock
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== Prevention/ Management ==
*Rotate turkeys from contaminated areas
*Disinfect equipment with 1-2% Sodium hydroxide (this has been proven to be effective against E.rhusiopathiae)
*Ensure prompt removal of dead birds
*Decrease stress in the flock by ensuring good husbandry at all times
*'''Vaccination<br>'''- inactivated E. rhusiopathiae bacterin<br>- breeding turkeys- 2 doses, one at 16-20 weeks and the second just prior to laying<br>- meat turkeys- single dose SC
== Treatment ==
Prevention is better than treatment but in the case of an outbreak one should do the following:
*Administration of a rapidly-acting form of penicillin is thought to be most effeciant, either a one-off I.M. injection or in drinking water for 4-5 days
*Erysipelas bacterin (vaccine)
== Treatment ==
== Prognosis ==
Poor in unvaccinated stock
Good- guarded in immunised stock with mortality ranging from 1% to 50%
== References ==
Quinn, P.J., Markey, B.K., Carter, M.E., Donnelly, W.J., Leonard, F.C. (2007) Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease Blackwell Publishing
Randall, C.J, (1985) Disease of the Domestic Fowl and Turkey, Wolfe Medical Publications<br>Saif, Y.M, (2008) Diseases of Poultry, Blackwell Publishing<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
[[Category:Alimentary_Diseases_-_Birds]] [[Category:Musculoskeletal_Diseases_-_Birds]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Kate]] [[Category:Cardiovascular_Diseases_-_Birds]]
[[Category:Alimentary_Diseases_-_Birds]] [[Category:Musculoskeletal_Diseases_-_Birds]] To_Do_-_Review [[Category:Cardiovascular_Diseases_-_Birds]]