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*Sheep Scab  
 
*Sheep Scab  
 
*Psoroptic scabies  
 
*Psoroptic scabies  
*Psoroptosis
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*Psoroptosis<br>
 
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<br>
      
== Introduction  ==
 
== Introduction  ==
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The mite is active in the keratin layer of the skin and has abrasive mouthparts. It&nbsp;feeds on exudate of lymph, skin cells and bacteria caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to antigenic mite faeces,&nbsp;by the host. This causes intense&nbsp;pruritus, leading to self trauma, crust and scale formation and inflammation.  
 
The mite is active in the keratin layer of the skin and has abrasive mouthparts. It&nbsp;feeds on exudate of lymph, skin cells and bacteria caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to antigenic mite faeces,&nbsp;by the host. This causes intense&nbsp;pruritus, leading to self trauma, crust and scale formation and inflammation.  
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It is not only economically important to the sheep industry due to poor fleece quality and weight loss, but it can also pre-dispose to life-threatening condition such as Blowfly strike, as the blowflies find the damaged skin ideal for egg laying.
    
The disease is most prevalent in autumn and&nbsp;winter months, however does still occur in the summer, especially in sheep that have not been shorn.  
 
The disease is most prevalent in autumn and&nbsp;winter months, however does still occur in the summer, especially in sheep that have not been shorn.  
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Psoroptic mange in sheep is a '''notifiable disease '''in the UK  
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Psoroptic mange in sheep '''used to be&nbsp;a ''''''notifiable disease '''in the UK, but has been de-regulated since 1992
 
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<br>
      
== Clinical signs  ==
 
== Clinical signs  ==
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*Skin scraping to microscopically identify mites (low magnification). Mites are found under scabs and in skin folds
 
*Skin scraping to microscopically identify mites (low magnification). Mites are found under scabs and in skin folds
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<br>
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== Treatment/ Control  ==
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Infestations are difficult to eliminate from a&nbsp;flock so a key factor in control is to not allow it to enter.
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*New stock should be isolated for at least three weeks before mixing with the main flock
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*Plunge dipping is curative and preventative<br>- dip must contain the Organophosphate diazinon or the Synthetic Pyrethroid cis-cypermethrin<br>- plunge dipping must last for at least one minute and the head should be fully submerged twice during this time<br>- the sheep must be kept moving when in the dip as the movement displaces air from in the fleece allwing better penetration
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*Can treat with avermectins or milbemycins by injection<br>- only moxidectin has any prophylactic effect<br>- need two&nbsp;injections 7 days apart or one single dose (doramectin only)&nbsp;<br>
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== Other species<br> ==
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'''Cattle'''
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Uncommon in the UK.
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Affects withers mainly
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Can be treated with avermectin, milbemycins or topical acaracides
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&nbsp;
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'''Horse'''
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== Treatment/ Control ==
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Notifiable in the UK, but has not been recorded for many years
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Infestations are difficult to eliminate from a&nbsp;flock so a key factor in control is to not allow it to enter.  
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No licensed product for treatment of&nbsp;horses in the UK
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&nbsp;
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'''Rabbits'''
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'Ear canker mite' in rabbits
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Externam auditory canal infection is often asymptomatic, but may cause scratching and head shaking behaviour
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Can be treated with avermectin, milbemycins or topical acaracides
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&nbsp;
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&nbsp;
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== References ==
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Aitken, I.D, (2007) Diseases of Sheep fourth edition, Blackwell Publishing
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*New stock should be isolated for at least three weeks before mixing with the main flock
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Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ectoparasites, Royal Veterinary College
*Plunge dipping is curative and preventative<br>- dip must contain the Organophosphate diazinon or the Synthetic Pyrethroid cis-cypermethrin<br>- plunge dipping must last for at least one minute and the head should be fully submerged twice during this time<br>- the sheep must be kept moving when in the dip as the movement displaces air from in the fleece allwing better penetration
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*Can treat with avermectins or milbemycins by injection
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Hindson, J.C, (2002) Manual of Sheep Diseases second edition, Blackwell Publishing
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Taylor, M.A, Coop, R.L, Wall, R.L, (2007) Veterinary Parasitology third edition, Blackwell Publishing
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*Cattle, horses and rabbits
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&nbsp;
**No licensed product for horses in the UK
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**Cattle and rabbits can be treated with avermectins, milbemycins or topical acaricides
      
[[Category:To_Do_-_Kate]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Kate]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]
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