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| − | ===[[Degenerative Joint Disease]] ===
| + | #redirect[[:Category:Joints - Degenerative Pathology]] |
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| − | ====[[Patellar Luxation]]====
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| − | ====[[Atlantoaxial Luxation]]====
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| − | ====[[Temporomandibular Luxation]]====
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| − | ===[[Calve Legg-Perthe's Disease]]===
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| − | ===[[Degenerative Arthropathy]]===
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| − | ===[[Joint Trauma]]===
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| − | ===Nutritional diseases===
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| − | ====[[Hypervitaminosis A]]====
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| − | ===[[Disc Protrusion]]===
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| − | ===Cervical spinal stenosis===
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| − | *Usually funnel-shaped
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| − | *Stenosis in dorso-ventral plane
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| − | *May occur at more than one site
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| − | *Predisposed in some breeds: Great Dane, Doberman, Basset Hound, Irish Wolfhound, Old English Sheepdog
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| − | *Clinical signs: cervical pain -> ataxia -> quadriplegia
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| − | [[Category:Joints - Degenerative Pathology]]
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| − | ===Cervicospinal arthropathy===
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| − | * = "'''Wobbler'''" in horses
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| − | *Usually presents in first two years of life
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| − | *Mainly in fast growing thouroughbreds
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| − | *Most common site is C3-C4, can occur anywhere
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| − | *Abnormal laxity between the vertebrae + cervical vertebral malformation may be evident
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| − | *[[Musculoskeletal Terminology - Pathology|Osteophyte formation]] at edges of synovial components of joint
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| − | *Some due to stenosis of neural canal later in life (1-4 years of age)
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| − | *Clinical signs:
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| − | **Ataxia - hindlimbs more affected
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| − | *Presumed cause is rapid growth
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| − | [[Category:Joints - Degenerative Pathology]]
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| − | ===Spondylosis===
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| − | [[Image:Spondylosis.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Spondylosis (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
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| − | *Often in bulls and dogs, occurs also in horses, cats and pigs
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| − | *[[Musculoskeletal Terminology - Pathology|Osteophyte]] formation on ventral aspect of vertebrae
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| − | **Often around lumbar region
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| − | **Adjacent to intervertebral spaces
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| − | **Varies in size - small spurs -> 'bridges' between vertebrae
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| − | **May extend over few vertebrae
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| − | *Pathogenesis:
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| − | **Repeated abnormal movement between joints -> stress
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| − | ** -> Degeneration of [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Fibrocartilagenous joints|''annulus fibrosis'']]
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| − | ** -> [[Musculoskeletal Terminology - Pathology|Osteophyte]] formation
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| − | *In dogs usually no symptoms
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| − | *In bulls may cause inability to mount
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| − | *In severe cases repeated damage may progress to recurrent posterior weakness and ataxia in conjuction with fractures of spondylitic and vertebral bone
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| − | ===Cranial cruciate ligament rupture===
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| − | *Autoantibodies against collagens seen in the joint fluid – no relationship to the disease (ie: not an autoimmune disease) – can be seen in any joint disease
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| − | [[Category:Joints - Degenerative Pathology]]
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| − | ===Steroid arthropathy===
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| − | *From glucocorticoids injected into joint as antiinflammatories
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| − | *Injection sometimes causes rapid progression of degeneration
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| − | *Glucocortyicois suppress anabolic effect of chondrocytes -> reduction of cartilage matrix syhthesis -> proteoglycan depletion -> slower repair
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| − | [[Category:Joints - Degenerative Pathology]]
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