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, 16:16, 3 March 2011
*'''Bacterial arthritis'''
**Most common in food animals, especially young
**Portals of entry include:
***Navel and GI tract -> bacteraemia
***Haematogenously -> polyarthritis
***Traumatic inoculation
***Extension from bone or periarticular soft tissue
*'''Viral arthritis'''
**Progressive inflammatory and degenerative joint disease
**Synovitis with cartilage destruction
**Chronic mononuclear inflammatory reactions
===In Sheep===
*[[Retroviridae|'''Maedi visna virus''']]
*Bacterial infections mostly affects lambs except for Mycoplasmal artheritis
*[[Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae|'''''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae''''']]
*'''''[[Corynebacterium pyogenes]]'''''
*[[:Category:Streptococcus species|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]
*[[:Category:Staphylococcus species|'''''Staphylococci''''']]
*[[:Category:Chlamydophila species|'''''Chlamydia sp.''''']]
===In Pigs===
*[[Erysipelas - Pig|'''''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae''''']]
*'''''[[Corynebacterium pyogenes]]''''' and [[:Category:Staphylococcus species|'''''Staphylococci''''']]
*'''''[[Haemophilus suis]]'' and ''[[Haemophilus parasuis]]'''''
*'''''[[Mycoplasma hyosynoviae]]'' and ''M. hyorhinis'''''
===In Cattle===
*Neonatal polyarthritis by:
**[[:Category:Streptococcus species|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]
***Via umbilicus
***Also involves eyes and meninges
**[[Escherichia coli|'''''Coliforms''''']]
***Localises in joints and meninges in severe non-fatal neonatal colibacillosis
***May remain as chronic arthritis in larger joints
*Infections at any age:
**'''''[[Corynebacterium pyogenes]]'''''
***Suppurative arthrtis
***Often due to pebetrating wound into or close to joints
**[[:Category:Mycoplasmas|'''''Mycoplasma spp.''''']]
***May be respinsible for some chronic cases but difficult to prove as hard to isolate
***Fibrinous polyarthritis
**[[:Category:Chlamydophila species|'''''Chlamydia sp.''''']]
***Severe disease in young calves
***High mortality
***Can be seen in smears of synovial fluid from swollen joints
***Oedematous and hyperaemic surrounding tissue
***Possibly due to intrauterine infection
**'''''[[Brucella abortus]]'''''
***Uncommonly localises in joints
***Usually in '''carpal bursitis (hygroma) in cattle and bursitis in horses'''
===In Horses===
*Arthritis can occur following neonatal infections by:
**'''''[[Actinobacillus equuli]]'''''
**[[:Category:Streptococcus species|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]
**[[Escherichia coli|'''''Coliforms''''']]
**[[Salmonella|'''''Salmonella''''']]
===In Goats===
*[[Caprine Arthrirtis Encephalitis Virus]]
===In Dogs===
*[[:Category:Staphylococcus species|'''''Staphylococci''''']]
**May cause '''discospondylitis'''
**Destructive inflammatory lesion
**Bacterial localise in ''[[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Fibrocartilagenous joints|''annulus fibrosis'']] -> may spread to local bone
[[Category:Arthritis]]