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Line 1: |
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| *No causative agent has been found | | *No causative agent has been found |
| *Seem to be immune-mediated diseases | | *Seem to be immune-mediated diseases |
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| ===Erosive=== | | ===Erosive=== |
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− | ====Rheumatoid arthritis==== | + | ====[[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]==== |
− | *Occurs in the dog, mainly smaller breeds
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− | *Uncommon
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− | *Progressive erosive polyarthritis
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− | *Mostly involves elbows, stifles, carpal and tarsal joints
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− | *Grossly:
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− | **Marked villus hypertrophy of synovial membrane
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− | **Cartilage erosion
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− | **[[Musculoskeletal Terminology - Pathology|Pannus and periarticular osteophyte]] formation
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− | **In severe cases ankylosis
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− | *Histologically:
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− | **Hyperplasia of lining cells
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− | **Proliferative synovitis
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− | **Synovial membrane has fibrin deposits
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− | **Lymphoid and plasma cell infiltration
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− | **Surrounding haemorrhagic areas
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− | **Macrophages containing [[Pigmentation - Pathology#Haemosiderin|haemosiderin]]
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− | **Connective tissue may contain foci of necrosis
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− | **Areas of erosion of peripheral articular cartilage and underlying subchondral bone
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− | *Pathogenesis:
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− | **May involve deposition of immune complexes within joints
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− | **Substances degrading cartilage are released by synovial cells and macrophages involved in pannus formation
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