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| − | ==Toxic myopathy== | + | ==[[Toxic Myopathy]]== |
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| − | *'''Plants'''
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| − | **E.g. ''Cassia occidentalis'' (coffee senna), ''Karwinskia humboldtiana'' (coyotillo), ''Eupatorium rugosum'' (white snakeroot), cotton seed
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| − | **Lesion an skeletal and cardiac muscle
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| − | **Grossly:
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| − | ***Pale areas with ill-defined borders
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| − | ***May involve very extensive [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Necrosis|necrosis]]
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| − | **Histologically:
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| − | ***Segmental necrosis, no calcification
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| − | ***[[Muscle Regeneration|Regeneration]] may occur in surviving animals
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| − | *'''Drugs'''
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| − | **E.g. corticosteroids, cholinesterase inhibitors, vincristine, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
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| − | **'''Monensin''' is a coccidiostat toxic to horses, donkeys, zebras, cattle, sheep, dogs and birds
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| − | ***Causes muscle necrosis in heart and skeletal muscle
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| − | ***Grossly:
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| − | ****Pale streaks, mostly in hind limbs
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| − | ***Histologically:
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| − | ****[[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Necrosis|Segmental necrosis]]
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| − | ****Possibly [[Muscle Regeneration|regeneration]] in surviving animals
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| − | ***Can cause rapid onset recumbency and potentially death
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| − | ***Usually due to mixing errors in feed
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| − | **Also from intramuscular injections, e.g. oxytetracycline, lidocaine, chloramphenicol, produce local necrosis
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| − | ***As satellite cells are destroyes, repair is via fibrosis with some budding
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| − | *'''Chemicals'''
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| − | **Iron injections can cause local myonecrosis
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| − | *'''Mycotoxins'''
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| − | **Metabolites cause persistent tremors
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| − | **Lesions in skeletal muscle only, possibly secondary to sustained contractions (similar to [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Exertional myopathies|exertional myopathy]])
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| − | **Histologically:
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| − | ***Tiny foci of [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Necrosis|segmental necrosis]]
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| − | [[Category:Muscles - Degenerative Pathology]]
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