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==Introduction==
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* Congenital malformations may involve the spinal cord, brain, meninges, calvaria or vertebral column.
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* Abnormalities typically result from defects in neural tube development. 
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* Congenital malformations are present at or before birth, and manifest as either:
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** Morphological problems
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** Functional problems
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*** Tend to arise as biochemical abnormalities, such as the lysosomal diseases or leukodystrophies.
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* Causes of congenital abnormalities include:
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** Environmental causes
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*** For example, these may be toxic, infectious, nutritional, or physical (e.g. radiation)
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*** This is by far the most common cause.
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** Inherited traits.
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[[Category:Nervous System - Pathology]]
 
[[Category:Nervous System - Pathology]]
Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
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