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Category:Cranial Nerve Examination - Horse (view source)

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===[[Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Function]]===

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* The pharynx and larynx are innervated by:

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** CN IX - the glossopharyngeal nerve

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** CN X - the vagus nerve

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** CN XI - the accessory nerve

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* Pharyngeal and laryngeal function is best studied by:

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*# Observing the horse eat and swallow

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*# Endoscopy

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~~====Laryngeal Dysfunction====~~

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* Left recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia is the most common dysfunction in horses.

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** The left recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve.

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** Horses are known as "roarers".

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~~====Pharyngeal Dysfunction====~~

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* Pharyngeal paralysis in horses is commonly associated with peripheral disease.

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** Especially guttural pouch disease.

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*** Endoscopy of the guttural pouches should be therefore be performed in horses that are dysphagic.

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~~[[Category:Cranial Nerve Examination - Horse]]~~

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