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The cerebral cortex is essential for memory, attention, awareness, thought, language and consciousness. There outer layers of the cerebrum are made up of grey matter. Grey matter is formed by neurons and their unmyelinated fibres. The white matter below the grey matter of the cortex is formed predominantly by myelinated axons (myelin is white in appearance). The surface of the cerebral cortex is folded in mammals; more than two thirds of the surface is within the grooves or ''"sulci"''. The cerebral cortex is connected to structures such as the thalamus and the basal ganglia, sending information to them along ''efferent'' connections and receiving information from them via ''afferent'' connections. Most sensory information is routed to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus. The cortex is commonly described as comprising of three parts; sensory, motor and association areas.

The cerebral cortex is essential for memory, attention, awareness, thought, language and consciousness. There outer layers of the cerebrum are made up of grey matter. Grey matter is formed by neurons and their unmyelinated fibres. The white matter below the grey matter of the cortex is formed predominantly by myelinated axons (myelin is white in appearance). The surface of the cerebral cortex is folded in mammals; more than two thirds of the surface is within the grooves or ''"sulci"''. The cerebral cortex is connected to structures such as the thalamus and the basal ganglia, sending information to them along ''efferent'' connections and receiving information from them via ''afferent'' connections. Most sensory information is routed to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus. The cortex is commonly described as comprising of three parts; sensory, motor and association areas.

====Sensory areas====

====Sensory areas====

*The sensory areas are the areas that receive and process information from the senses; INSERT HERE.  

The sensory areas are the areas that receive and process information from the senses. Inputs from the thalamus are called ''primary sensory areas''. Vision, hearing, and touch are processed by the primary visual cortex, primary auditory cortex and primary somatosensory cortex. The two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex receive information from the opposite (contralateral) side of the body. Areas with lots of sensory innervation, such as the fingertips and the lips, require more cortical area to process finer sensation. The ''association areas'' of the brain function to produce a perception of the world enabling an animal to interact with their environment effectively.

 

*Inputs from the thalamus are called '''primary sensory areas'''.  

 

There are a number of anatomical areas of the brain responsible for organising this sensory information. The ''parietal lobe'' is located within the dorsocaudal aspect of the cortex. The ''temporal lobes'' are located laterally and the ''occipital lobes'' are located in the caudal most aspect of the cortex. The ''frontal lobe'' or ''prefrontal association complex'' is involved in planning actions and movement.

*Vision, hearing, and touch are processed by the primary visual cortex, primary auditory cortex and primary somatosensory cortex.  

 

*The two hemispheres receive information from the opposite (contralateral) side of the body.

The ''motor cortex''' areas of the brain are located in both hemispheres of the cortex and are shaped like a pair of headphones stretching from ear to ear. The motor areas are related to controlling voluntary movements, especially fine movements.

 

*Areas with lots of sensory innervation, such as the fingertips and the lips, require more cortical area to process finer sensation.

 

 

'''Association areas'''

*Association areas function is to produce a perception of the world, so an animal can interact effectively.

 

*The '''parietal''', '''temporal''', and '''occipital lobe''' - all located in the '''posterior''' part of the cortex - organize sensory information.  

 

*The '''frontal lobe''' or prefrontal association complex is involved in planning actions and movement.

 

 

 

'''Motor areas'''

*The motor areas are located in '''both hemispheres''' of the cortex.

 

*They are shaped like a pair of headphones stretching from ear to ear.  

 

*The motor areas are related to the controlling voluntary movements, especially fine fragmented movements.

====Limbic System====

====Limbic System====