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Created page with "{{Template:Manson}} centre|500px <br /> '''A 5-year-old Holstein cow, which calved 1 month ago and was previously yielding 42 L/day, presents w..."
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[[Image:Cattle Medicine 1.jpg|centre|500px]]
<br />
'''A 5-year-old Holstein cow, which calved 1 month ago and was previously yielding 42 L/day, presents with a poor appetite and milk yield which has fallen steadily over the past 2 days to 22 L/day. The cow has been licking at objects such as walls and her own flanks for long periods of time. The rectal temperature is normal. The cow has a gaunt appearance with sunken sublumbar fossae consistent with a reduced appetite. The cow is constipated while other cows in the high-yielding group have soft faeces.'''
<br />
<FlashCard questions="4">
|q1=What conditions would you consider? (Most likely first.)
|a1=
The most likely conditions to consider include: nervous acetonaemia/ketosis;
left-displaced abomasum and secondary acetonaemia; traumatic reticulitis; sub -
acute ruminal acidosis.
|l1=Ketosis_of_Cattle
|q2=How could you confirm your diagnosis?
|a2=
Diagnosis of ketosis is based on clinical examination and confirmed by a
positive Rothera’s reagent test or laboratory demonstration of a 3-OH butyrate
concentration in excess of 4.0 mmol/L (40 mg/dL). Plasma glucose and NEFA
concentrations are too variable to confirm a diagnosis of ketosis. No biochemical
test differentiates between primary and secondary ketosis. It must be ascertained
that the cow does not have a left-displaced abomasum.
|l2=Ketosis of Cattle#Diagnosis
|q3=What treatment would you administer?
|a3=
Treatment includes dexamethasone and 400mL 50% dextrose administered
intravenously. Propylene glycol is given orally twice daily until normal appetite
returns. The cow was eating well the following day.
|l3=Ketosis of Cattle#Treatment
|q4=How could this condition be prevented?
|a4=
Control measures include feeding molasses-treated chopped straw as part of the
ration during the dry period to maintain rumen size and microbial function. Dry
matter intakes should be as high as possible during the dry period, and on the day
of calving in particular. There must be 24 hr of easy access to the diet – one should
not rely on feeding refusals from the milking herd ration to the dry cows. Any
dietary changes must be introduced gradually. Most high-yielding cows are fed a
total mixed ration which has the benefit of creating a more stable rumen environ -
ment than that achieved with separate concentrate feeding. Cows should enter the
dry period in BCS 3 (scale 1–5) and maintain that value until calving.
|l4=Ketosis of Cattle#Prevention and Control
</FlashCard>
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[[Category:Cattle Medicine Q&A]]
[[Image:Cattle Medicine 1.jpg|centre|500px]]
<br />
'''A 5-year-old Holstein cow, which calved 1 month ago and was previously yielding 42 L/day, presents with a poor appetite and milk yield which has fallen steadily over the past 2 days to 22 L/day. The cow has been licking at objects such as walls and her own flanks for long periods of time. The rectal temperature is normal. The cow has a gaunt appearance with sunken sublumbar fossae consistent with a reduced appetite. The cow is constipated while other cows in the high-yielding group have soft faeces.'''
<br />
<FlashCard questions="4">
|q1=What conditions would you consider? (Most likely first.)
|a1=
The most likely conditions to consider include: nervous acetonaemia/ketosis;
left-displaced abomasum and secondary acetonaemia; traumatic reticulitis; sub -
acute ruminal acidosis.
|l1=Ketosis_of_Cattle
|q2=How could you confirm your diagnosis?
|a2=
Diagnosis of ketosis is based on clinical examination and confirmed by a
positive Rothera’s reagent test or laboratory demonstration of a 3-OH butyrate
concentration in excess of 4.0 mmol/L (40 mg/dL). Plasma glucose and NEFA
concentrations are too variable to confirm a diagnosis of ketosis. No biochemical
test differentiates between primary and secondary ketosis. It must be ascertained
that the cow does not have a left-displaced abomasum.
|l2=Ketosis of Cattle#Diagnosis
|q3=What treatment would you administer?
|a3=
Treatment includes dexamethasone and 400mL 50% dextrose administered
intravenously. Propylene glycol is given orally twice daily until normal appetite
returns. The cow was eating well the following day.
|l3=Ketosis of Cattle#Treatment
|q4=How could this condition be prevented?
|a4=
Control measures include feeding molasses-treated chopped straw as part of the
ration during the dry period to maintain rumen size and microbial function. Dry
matter intakes should be as high as possible during the dry period, and on the day
of calving in particular. There must be 24 hr of easy access to the diet – one should
not rely on feeding refusals from the milking herd ration to the dry cows. Any
dietary changes must be introduced gradually. Most high-yielding cows are fed a
total mixed ration which has the benefit of creating a more stable rumen environ -
ment than that achieved with separate concentrate feeding. Cows should enter the
dry period in BCS 3 (scale 1–5) and maintain that value until calving.
|l4=Ketosis of Cattle#Prevention and Control
</FlashCard>
{{#tag:imagemap|Image:Next Question.png{{!}}center{{!}}200px
rect 0 0 860 850 [[Cattle Medicine Q&A 2|Cattle Medicine Q&A 2]]
desc none}}
[[Category:Cattle Medicine Q&A]]