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Uterus - Inflammatory Pathology (view source)
Revision as of 18:30, 12 April 2011
, 18:30, 12 April 2011Created page with "<BR>'''INFLAMMATION''' Inflammation of the uterus may be infective or non-infective and in either case is influenced by hormonal factors. :Endometritis = Inflammation of the endo..."
<BR>'''INFLAMMATION'''
Inflammation of the uterus may be infective or non-infective and in either case is influenced by hormonal factors.
:Endometritis = Inflammation of the endometrium
:Metritis = Inflammation of the whole uterine wall
:Placentitis = Inflammation of the foetal attachment point of the uterine wall
:Endometrosis = Chronic endometritis (mare)
:Pyometra = Accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen
====INFECTIVE INFLAMMATION OF THE UTERUS====
<Br>Main routes of infection
#Via the cervix at oestrus or parturition.
#Haematogenous, mainly in the pregnant uterus.
<Br>Defence mechanisms
#Closed cervix except at oestrus and post-partum.
#Mucous secretions.
#Leucocytosis of oestrus.
#Oestrogen levels at oestrus render the uterus unsuitable for the growth of certain organisms.
<Br>'''Infection at mating'''
*First mating may lead to mild non-specific endometritis and infection is usually rapidly cleared by [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].
*Infected semen via AI or natural infection can lead to apparent decreased fertility or abortion/stillbirth.
<Br>'''Post-partum'''
*Infection of the non-pregnant uterus is usually via the vagina after parturition or abortion, there is increased risk if retained placenta, dystocia or failure of involution (in the bitch).
<br>Cow: ''A. pyogenes'', Fusiformis, ''S. aureus'', ''E. coli''
<br>Sheep: Clostridia.
<Br>Bitch/queen: ''E. coli'', Staphylococcus, Streptococcus.
<br>Mare: ''Strep. zooepidemicus'', ''E. coli'', Pseudomonas, Klebsiella (may also occur as a result of chronic endometritis unrelated to parturition).
<Br>'''Gross lesions'''
<br>Foul smelling dark red/yellow uterine contents with placental debris and ulcerated and congested haemorrhagic mucosa. Fibrin tags present on serosal surface.
<Br>'''Sequelae'''
#Septicaemia - fever, depression
#Embolic spread - endocarditis, renal infarcts
#Ascending infection - salpingitis
#Descending infection - cystitis and pyelonephritis
#Chronic endometritis
#Pyometra - cow may be associated with persistent CL, i.e. uterus is susceptible to infection but the cervix is closed.
(Pyometra may also occur as a result of mechanical obstruction of the cervix, e.g. by scar tissue as a result of prolonged endometritis or dystocia. In dog and cat pyometra is usually associated with cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium ).
[[Category:Uterus - Pathology]]
Inflammation of the uterus may be infective or non-infective and in either case is influenced by hormonal factors.
:Endometritis = Inflammation of the endometrium
:Metritis = Inflammation of the whole uterine wall
:Placentitis = Inflammation of the foetal attachment point of the uterine wall
:Endometrosis = Chronic endometritis (mare)
:Pyometra = Accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen
====INFECTIVE INFLAMMATION OF THE UTERUS====
<Br>Main routes of infection
#Via the cervix at oestrus or parturition.
#Haematogenous, mainly in the pregnant uterus.
<Br>Defence mechanisms
#Closed cervix except at oestrus and post-partum.
#Mucous secretions.
#Leucocytosis of oestrus.
#Oestrogen levels at oestrus render the uterus unsuitable for the growth of certain organisms.
<Br>'''Infection at mating'''
*First mating may lead to mild non-specific endometritis and infection is usually rapidly cleared by [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].
*Infected semen via AI or natural infection can lead to apparent decreased fertility or abortion/stillbirth.
<Br>'''Post-partum'''
*Infection of the non-pregnant uterus is usually via the vagina after parturition or abortion, there is increased risk if retained placenta, dystocia or failure of involution (in the bitch).
<br>Cow: ''A. pyogenes'', Fusiformis, ''S. aureus'', ''E. coli''
<br>Sheep: Clostridia.
<Br>Bitch/queen: ''E. coli'', Staphylococcus, Streptococcus.
<br>Mare: ''Strep. zooepidemicus'', ''E. coli'', Pseudomonas, Klebsiella (may also occur as a result of chronic endometritis unrelated to parturition).
<Br>'''Gross lesions'''
<br>Foul smelling dark red/yellow uterine contents with placental debris and ulcerated and congested haemorrhagic mucosa. Fibrin tags present on serosal surface.
<Br>'''Sequelae'''
#Septicaemia - fever, depression
#Embolic spread - endocarditis, renal infarcts
#Ascending infection - salpingitis
#Descending infection - cystitis and pyelonephritis
#Chronic endometritis
#Pyometra - cow may be associated with persistent CL, i.e. uterus is susceptible to infection but the cervix is closed.
(Pyometra may also occur as a result of mechanical obstruction of the cervix, e.g. by scar tissue as a result of prolonged endometritis or dystocia. In dog and cat pyometra is usually associated with cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium ).
[[Category:Uterus - Pathology]]