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Created page with "===Mammary Neoplasia=== Mammary neoplasms occur but are rare in the large domestic/production animals. Benign and malignant mammary tumours are most commonly encountered in bitch..."
===Mammary Neoplasia===
Mammary neoplasms occur but are rare in the large domestic/production animals. Benign and malignant mammary tumours are most commonly encountered in bitches and queens.
'''Mammary neoplasia in bitches'''
*Neoplasia is associated with increasing age. Benign/dysplasia can occur in young bitches.
*Multiple tumours in one or more mammary glands occur. Multiple tumours may be different i.e. not all benign or malignant.
*Benign and malignant tumours may be present in the same gland.
*About 60% of benign tumours are of mixed histological type.
*It is not possible to delineate benign or malignant nature on clinical grounds alone although clinically non invasive tumours tend to be benign. Tumour size is not a reliable criterion, but those larger than 5cm diameter tend to be worse.
*Speed of growth may indicate a malignant tumour but some hormonally - dependent benign tumours can grow quickly.
*Invasion is the most important criteria of malignancy. Many of those designated histologically as a carcinoma are not invasive and do not metastasise. Solid and anaplastic carcinomas have a poor prognosis; many ductular, papillary or acinar types do not metastasise.
*Tumours may contain neoplastic elements derived from both epithelial and myoepithelial and/or stromal cells. They are known as complex tumours; they are mostly benign but malignant types can occur.
*Some tumours contain cartilage and or bone and are called mixed tumours.
*Malignant tumours are carcinomas or sarcomas. Carcinomas may be aggressively malignant, metastasising to regional lymph nodes, lungs, liver, spleen, kidney and other sites. Survival from diagnosis is 3-24months
<br>'''Mammary neoplasia in cats'''
*Much less common in cats but 80% are aggressive carcinomas. Many cats have ulcerated primaries and metastatic disease already present at initial presentation.
* There is little evidence that ovariohysterectomy has a protective effect, as it does in the dog.
*Benign tumours are rare.
*Mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia may occur in young and female cats as a spontaneous condition or, more often, associated with a progestagen treatment.
*Carcinomas metastasise to regional lymph nodes, lungs, liver, kidneys, and other sites.
*Prognosis is always very guarded to poor over the long term. The range of survival times are very wide unless the tumour is greater than 3cm diameter (27cm3)
<Br>Information by permission of Professor RW Else
[[Category:Neoplasia]]
[[Category:Mammary Gland - Pathology]]
[[Category:To Do - Reproductive]]
Mammary neoplasms occur but are rare in the large domestic/production animals. Benign and malignant mammary tumours are most commonly encountered in bitches and queens.
'''Mammary neoplasia in bitches'''
*Neoplasia is associated with increasing age. Benign/dysplasia can occur in young bitches.
*Multiple tumours in one or more mammary glands occur. Multiple tumours may be different i.e. not all benign or malignant.
*Benign and malignant tumours may be present in the same gland.
*About 60% of benign tumours are of mixed histological type.
*It is not possible to delineate benign or malignant nature on clinical grounds alone although clinically non invasive tumours tend to be benign. Tumour size is not a reliable criterion, but those larger than 5cm diameter tend to be worse.
*Speed of growth may indicate a malignant tumour but some hormonally - dependent benign tumours can grow quickly.
*Invasion is the most important criteria of malignancy. Many of those designated histologically as a carcinoma are not invasive and do not metastasise. Solid and anaplastic carcinomas have a poor prognosis; many ductular, papillary or acinar types do not metastasise.
*Tumours may contain neoplastic elements derived from both epithelial and myoepithelial and/or stromal cells. They are known as complex tumours; they are mostly benign but malignant types can occur.
*Some tumours contain cartilage and or bone and are called mixed tumours.
*Malignant tumours are carcinomas or sarcomas. Carcinomas may be aggressively malignant, metastasising to regional lymph nodes, lungs, liver, spleen, kidney and other sites. Survival from diagnosis is 3-24months
<br>'''Mammary neoplasia in cats'''
*Much less common in cats but 80% are aggressive carcinomas. Many cats have ulcerated primaries and metastatic disease already present at initial presentation.
* There is little evidence that ovariohysterectomy has a protective effect, as it does in the dog.
*Benign tumours are rare.
*Mammary fibroepithelial hyperplasia may occur in young and female cats as a spontaneous condition or, more often, associated with a progestagen treatment.
*Carcinomas metastasise to regional lymph nodes, lungs, liver, kidneys, and other sites.
*Prognosis is always very guarded to poor over the long term. The range of survival times are very wide unless the tumour is greater than 3cm diameter (27cm3)
<Br>Information by permission of Professor RW Else
[[Category:Neoplasia]]
[[Category:Mammary Gland - Pathology]]
[[Category:To Do - Reproductive]]