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| + | Also known as: '''''Enamel Hypoplasia''''' |
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| == Introduction == | | == Introduction == |
| [[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]] | | [[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]] |
− | This condition is a consequence of abnormalities occurring during the period of tooth eruption. It involves damage to [[Enamel Organ#Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]]) in utero, which upsets permanent incisor formation. The [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] is marked by pits and lines etc. | + | This condition is a consequence of abnormalities occurring during the period of [[Tooth Eruption|tooth eruption]]. It involves damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]]) in utero, which upsets permanent incisor formation. The [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] is marked by pits and lines etc. |
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| + | In ruminants, damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation is most often caused by fluoride poisoning and is seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent. |
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− | In ruminants, damage to [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] formation is most often caused by fluoride poisoning and is seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent. | + | In dogs, hypoplasia may occur following a [[Canine Distemper Virus]] (CDV) infection during tooth development. This is a very severe systemic disease seen early in life or in utero in dogs. For more small animal specific information please see [[Tooth Developmental Problems#Enamel Dysplasia|Enamel Dysplasia]] |
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− | In dogs, hypoplasia may occur following a [[Canine Distemper Virus]] (CDV) infection during tooth development. This is a very severe systemic disease seen early in life or in utero in dogs.
| + | Hypoplasia may also occur in single teeth following damage to the permanent tooth germ, for example if a deciduous tooth is fractured or extracted without care. The damaged ameloblasts will fail to form enamel and abnormalities will be evident. |
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| == Clinical Signs == | | == Clinical Signs == |
| In ruminants, one will see a chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]], due to enamel hypoplasia. There is usually no difficulty in mastication detected and the animal is clinically well. | | In ruminants, one will see a chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]], due to enamel hypoplasia. There is usually no difficulty in mastication detected and the animal is clinically well. |
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− | In dogs, CDV causing enamel hypoplasia, may result in severe discoloration or pitting of teeth due to effect on [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] formation. | + | In dogs, enamel hypoplasia may result in severe discoloration or pitting of a tooth or teeth due to the effect on [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation. |
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| == Diagnosis == | | == Diagnosis == |
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| == Treatment and Control == | | == Treatment and Control == |
| There is no treatment for this condition. Control measures are prevention of the causes of the disease, e.g. vaccination against CDV and prevention of fluoride poisoning in cattle. | | There is no treatment for this condition. Control measures are prevention of the causes of the disease, e.g. vaccination against CDV and prevention of fluoride poisoning in cattle. |
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| + | If only a single tooth is affected, restorative treatment can be performed using dental composites or a metal-alloy jacket crown. |
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| + | {{Learning |
| + | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=Odontodystrophy Odontodystrophy] |
| + | |flashcards = [[Veterinary Dentistry Q&A 13]] |
| + | }} |
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| == References == | | == References == |
| Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry''' (3rd Edition), ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association.'' | | Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry''' (3rd Edition), ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association.'' |
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| Williams, A (2008) '''Alimentary System Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College.'' | | Williams, A (2008) '''Alimentary System Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College.'' |
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| + | Verstraete, F. (1999) '''Self-assessment colour review in Veterinary Dentistry''' ''Manson Publishing'' |
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| {{review}} | | {{review}} |
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| [[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]] | | [[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]] |
− | [[Category:Oral Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Dog]] | + | [[Category:Dental Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Dental Diseases - Dog]] |
− | [[Category:Expert_Review]]. | + | [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] |