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Also known as: '''''Infectious Canine Laryngotracheitis — CAV-2'''''

 

Infectious Canine Laryngotracheitis  

 

 

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

 

Both Canine Adenovirus 1 and Canine Adenovirus 2 are now rare in the UK. There is some antigenicty shared between the two strains, which lends itself to vaccination.

Both [[Canine Adenovirus 1]] and Canine Adenovirus 2 are of the [[Adenoviridae|Adenoviridae]] and are now rare in the UK. There is some antigenicty shared between the two strains, which lends itself to vaccination.

Infection spreads rapidly between unvaccinated dogs, especially if they are in groups e.g. in kennels. Transmission is by direct and indirect contact such as food bowls and bedding (fomites) and respiratory secretions.  

Infection spreads rapidly between unvaccinated dogs, especially if they are in groups e.g. in kennels. Transmission is by direct and indirect contact such as food bowls and bedding (fomites) and respiratory secretions.  

The virus replicates in the oropharynx then causes '''necrosis''' of the '''respiratory tract''' with '''NO concurrent hepatitis'''. Lung lesions may be worsened by presence of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasturella multocida. It is thought that this virus may be a predisposing factor to the development of kennel cough.

The virus replicates in the oropharynx then causes '''necrosis''' of the '''respiratory tract''' with '''NO concurrent hepatitis'''. Lung lesions may be worsened by presence of ''[[Bordetella bronchiseptica]]'' and ''[[Pasteurella multocida]]''. It is thought that this virus may be a predisposing factor to the development of [[Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis|kennel cough]]. It may also cause necrotising [[bronchiolitis]] in immunodeficient dogs.

 

 

== Signalment ==

== Signalment ==

Dogs of any age, breed or sex will be equally affected by this virus if not vaccinated.

Dogs of any age, breed or sex will be equally affected by this virus if not vaccinated.

== Clinical Signs ==

== Clinical Signs ==

Animals present with pyrexia, mild depression, nasal/ocular discharges and a ry, harsh, persistant cough. Corneal opacity is sometimes seen.

Animals present with pyrexia, mild depression, nasal/ocular discharges and a dry, harsh, persistent cough. Corneal opacity is sometimes seen.

 

 

== Diagnosis ==

== Diagnosis ==

Virus can be isolated from respiratory secretions early in the disease.

Virus can be isolated from respiratory secretions early in the disease.

== Control ==

== Control ==

It is important to isolate coughing dogs and disinfect premises, in any cases of coughing as all respiratory disease is contagious.  

It is important to isolate coughing dogs and disinfect premises, in any cases of coughing as all respiratory disease is contagious.  

CAV-2 is largely controlled in the UK along with CAV-1 (infectious canine hepatitis virus) through the use of vaccination against CAV-1. As the viruses cross-protect, immunity is achieved from vaccinating against CAV-1.  

CAV-2 is largely controlled in the UK along with [[Canine Adenovirus 1|CAV-1 (infectious canine hepatitis virus)]] through the use of vaccination against CAV-1. As the viruses cross-protect, immunity is achieved from vaccinating against CAV-1.  

Blood, D.C. and Studdert, V. P. (1999) Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary (2nd Edition) Elsevier Science <br>Bridger, J and Russell, P (2007) Virology Study Guide, Royal Veterinary College<br>Merck &amp; Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition) Merial <br>Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier. <br>

Merck &amp; Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual '''(Eighth Edition)'' Merial ''

[[Category:Adenoviridae]] [[Category:Dog_Viruses]] [[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Review]] [[Category:Respiratory_Viral_Infections]]

[[Category:Adenoviridae]] [[Category:Dog_Viruses]] [[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Expert Review - Dog]] [[Category:Respiratory_Viral_Infections]]