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==Bilirubin in horses==
==Bilirubin in horses==
Horses have a different biliary excretion system to other animals and also readily develop jaundice in response to anorexia or intestinal disruption, so hyperbilirubinaemia can be difficult to interpret in the horse and elevated unconjugated bilirubin levels in the absence of any clinical signs might be of little consequence.
Horses have a different biliary excretion system to other animals and also readily develop jaundice in response to anorexia or intestinal disruption, so hyperbilirubinaemia can be difficult to interpret in the horse and elevated unconjugated bilirubin levels in the absence of any clinical signs might be of little consequence.
==Identification==
Bilirubin stains brown with H&E, like both [[Pigmentation - Pathology#Haemosiderin|haemosiderin]] and [[Pigmentation - Pathology#Lipofuscin|lipofuscin]]. They must be distinguished from each other by special stains. Bilirubin stains bright green with a Fouchet stain.
==Distinguishing Conjugated from Unconjugated Bilirubin==
==Distinguishing Conjugated from Unconjugated Bilirubin==
The '''Van de Berg test''' can be used to distinguish conjugated from unconjugated bilirubin. Plasma from an icteric animal is treated with an aqueous solution of the reagent diazotised sulphanilic acid and this produces a red-purple colour reaction. The intensity of this colour is directly proportional to the amount of water soluble (conjugated ) bilirubin in the sample. Further addition of alcohol intensifies the colour if there is non-water soluble (unconjugated) bilirubin also present. The intensified colour is directly proportional to the total amount of bilirubin present in the sample and the difference between the two readings gives the amount of unconjugated bilirubin in the sample.
The '''Van de Berg test''' can be used to distinguish conjugated from unconjugated bilirubin. Plasma from an icteric animal is treated with an aqueous solution of the reagent '''diazotised sulphanilic acid''' and this produces a red-purple colour reaction. The intensity of this colour is directly proportional to the amount of water soluble (conjugated ) bilirubin in the sample. Further addition of alcohol intensifies the colour if there is non-water soluble (unconjugated) bilirubin also present. The intensified colour is directly proportional to the total amount of bilirubin present in the sample and the difference between the two readings gives the amount of unconjugated bilirubin in the sample.
[[Category:Blood Biochemistry Changes]]
[[Category:Blood Biochemistry Changes]]