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Equine Internal Medicine Q&A 17 (view source)
Revision as of 08:07, 1 June 2011
, 08:07, 1 June 2011Created page with "{{Template:Manson Mair}} centre|500px<br> <br /> '''A 10-week-old foal in good body condition showed signs of acute dyspnoea.''' ..."
{{Template:Manson Mair}}
[[Image:Equine Internal Medicine Q&A 16.jpg|centre|500px]]<br>
<br />
'''A 10-week-old foal in good body condition showed signs of acute dyspnoea.'''
<br />
<FlashCard questions="4">
|q1=Describe the radiographic findings illustrated in the image.
|a1=Lateral view of the thorax demonstrates nodular lesions in the cranioventral lung fields. These lesions, some of which are cavitary, obscure the cardiac and caudal vena cava silhouette. <br><br>
Tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy is suggested by the elevation of the trachea.
|l1=
|q2=What is the most likely aetiologic agent?
|a2=
Radiographic lesions of this type seen in a 10-week-old foal are almost pathognomonic for ''Rhodococcus equi'' infection.
|l2=
|q3=What is the source of the infection for the foal?
|a3=
''Rhod. equi'' is a Gram-positive, pleomorphic, facultative, intracellular, obligate aerobic bacteria. <br><br>
''Rhod. equi'' lives in faeces and soil and is resistant to most chemical and environmental conditions. The organism is found in the intestines of many normal mammals including horses. <br><br>
Foals are most often infected by inhalation of the organism from the soil or faeces of the animals, but ingestion or umbilical entry are also possible.
|l3=
|q4=What is the recommended treatment?
|a4=Treatment of ''Rhod. equi'' has been difficult due to the intracellular characteristics of the organism. <br><br>
The combination of erythromycin and rifampin is excellent in vitro and has decreased the mortality rate associated with ''Rhod. equi'' pneumonia. <br><br>
Erythromycin is a non-polar, macrolide antibiotic that penetrates caseous material readily. Several oral forms have been available for use in horses. Erythromycin causes gastrointestinal irritation, which may cause mild diarrhoea in horses.
*Erythromycin phosphate or stearate is dosed at 37.5mg/kg p/o bid, while erythromycin estolate is used at 25mg/kg p/o tid or qid. <br><br>
Rifampin is synergistic with erythromycin and penetrates macrophages, neutrophils and caseous material readily.
*Rifampin is dosed at 5mg/kg p/o bid, although some clinicians use 10mg/kg p/o sid.
|l4=
</FlashCard>
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[[Category:Equine Internal Medicine Q&A]]
[[Image:Equine Internal Medicine Q&A 16.jpg|centre|500px]]<br>
<br />
'''A 10-week-old foal in good body condition showed signs of acute dyspnoea.'''
<br />
<FlashCard questions="4">
|q1=Describe the radiographic findings illustrated in the image.
|a1=Lateral view of the thorax demonstrates nodular lesions in the cranioventral lung fields. These lesions, some of which are cavitary, obscure the cardiac and caudal vena cava silhouette. <br><br>
Tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy is suggested by the elevation of the trachea.
|l1=
|q2=What is the most likely aetiologic agent?
|a2=
Radiographic lesions of this type seen in a 10-week-old foal are almost pathognomonic for ''Rhodococcus equi'' infection.
|l2=
|q3=What is the source of the infection for the foal?
|a3=
''Rhod. equi'' is a Gram-positive, pleomorphic, facultative, intracellular, obligate aerobic bacteria. <br><br>
''Rhod. equi'' lives in faeces and soil and is resistant to most chemical and environmental conditions. The organism is found in the intestines of many normal mammals including horses. <br><br>
Foals are most often infected by inhalation of the organism from the soil or faeces of the animals, but ingestion or umbilical entry are also possible.
|l3=
|q4=What is the recommended treatment?
|a4=Treatment of ''Rhod. equi'' has been difficult due to the intracellular characteristics of the organism. <br><br>
The combination of erythromycin and rifampin is excellent in vitro and has decreased the mortality rate associated with ''Rhod. equi'' pneumonia. <br><br>
Erythromycin is a non-polar, macrolide antibiotic that penetrates caseous material readily. Several oral forms have been available for use in horses. Erythromycin causes gastrointestinal irritation, which may cause mild diarrhoea in horses.
*Erythromycin phosphate or stearate is dosed at 37.5mg/kg p/o bid, while erythromycin estolate is used at 25mg/kg p/o tid or qid. <br><br>
Rifampin is synergistic with erythromycin and penetrates macrophages, neutrophils and caseous material readily.
*Rifampin is dosed at 5mg/kg p/o bid, although some clinicians use 10mg/kg p/o sid.
|l4=
</FlashCard>
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[[Category:Equine Internal Medicine Q&A]]