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='''''Tritrichomonas foetus'''''=
‘’’’’Also Known As’’’’’ – Trichomoniasis – Trichomonosis - Tritrichomoniasis
'''''Relevant Links''''' Trichomoniasis – Cattle, Avian Trichomoniasis, Trichomonas gallinae
=='''Introduction'''==
=='''Introduction'''==
Protozoal pathogens causing disease primarily in cattle and felids.
Protozoal pathogens causing disease primarily in cattle and felids.
Identifiable by its pear-like shape, three anterior flagellae (recurrent flagellum) and an undulating membrane on one side.
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=='''Lifecycle and Transmission'''==
='''''Tritrichomonas foetus'''''=
===='''Cattle'''====
Tritrichomonas foetus Venereal disease causing early embryonic Death and abortion in cattle
=='''Lifecycle'''==
The protozoa resides on the surface and in the lumen of the female reproductive tract and in the crypt of penile epithelial cells. Transmission is achieved from infected individuals during mating.
T foetus has no known cyst stage, although carrier cows occur very rarely and the pathogenesis of th carrier state is unknown. Therefore, trophozoites replicate simply by binary fission. It is thought that T foetus feeds from host lipids and fatty acids <ref/Beach et al>
'''Cattle'''
T foetus is sometimes isolated from foetal gut and lung but this is unlikely to be due to invasion and more likely due to swallowing or inhalation of amniotic fluid in utero.
===='''Cats'''====
Venereal transmission in cattle
Tritrichomonas foetus
'''Cats'''
=='''Disease'''==
=='''Disease'''==
Tritrichomoniasis is notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
Proteinases secreted by T foetus degrades substrates such as fibrinogen, albumin and immunoglobulins, thus altering the biological environment and resulting in embryonic death.
Pyometra is occasionally observed in females but males show no clinical signs.
For more information see [[Trichomonosis - Cattle]]
For more information see [[Trichomonosis - Cattle]]
[[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] in cats
[[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] in cats
='''''Other species'''''=
='''''Trichomonas gallinae'''''=
[Trichomonas gallinae] - Fatal disease in birds causing necrotic yellow lesions in upper Gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the [[Crop - Anatomy and Physiology|crop]].
Fatal disease in birds causing necrotic yellow lesions in upper Gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the [[Crop - Anatomy and Physiology|crop]].
Transmitted to domesticated chickens and turkeys from infected wild pigeons
Transmitted to domesticated chickens and turkeys from infected wild pigeons
Others such as [Trichomonas suis] and [] reside as commensals, usually in the gastrointestinal tract of other species such as pigs and guinea pigs respectively.
<References/>
Beach DH, Holz GGJr, Singh BN, Lindmark DG, 1991. Phospholipid metabolism of cultured Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus.. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 44(1):97-108; 19 ref.
The Animal Health & Production Compendium, Tritrichomonas datasheet, accessed 02/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
==Test yourself with the Protozoa Flashcards==
[[Protozoa_Flashcards#Other_Important_Protozoa|Protozoa Flashcards]]
[[Category:Miscellaneous_Protozoa]]
[[Category:To_Do_- Steph]]