Changes

'''''Also Known As''''' — Trichomoniasis — Trichomonosis — Tritrichomoniasis

'''''Also Known As''''' — Trichomoniasis — Trichomonosis — Tritrichomoniasis

'''''Relevant Links''''' [[Trichomoniasis – Cattle]], [[Avian Trichomoniasis]], [[Trichomonas gallinae]]

'''''Relevant Links''''' [[Trichomonosis – Cattle]], [[Avian Trichomoniasis]], [[Trichomonas gallinae]]

[[File:Trichomonas.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Trichomonas sp with giemsa staining. Note the anterior flagellae and undulating membrane (source - Wikimedia Commons)]]

[[File:Trichomonas.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Trichomonas sp with giemsa staining. Note the anterior flagellae and undulating membrane (source - Wikimedia Commons)]]

=='''Introduction'''==

=='''Introduction'''==

===='''Cattle'''====

===='''Cattle'''====

Tritrichomonas foetus is a venereal disease in cattle causing early embryonic death and abortion.

Tritrichomonas foetus is a venereal disease in cattle causing early embryonic death and abortion.

The protozoa resides on the surface and in the lumen of the female reproductive tract and in the crypt of penile epithelial cells. Transmission is achieved from infected individuals during mating and direct contact.

The protozoa resides on the surface and in the lumen of the female reproductive tract and in the crypt of penile epithelial cells. Transmission is achieved from infected individuals during mating and direct contact.

T foetus has no known cyst stage, although carrier cows occur very rarely and the pathogenesis of th carrier state is unknown. Therefore, trophozoites replicate simply by binary fission. It is thought that T foetus feeds from host lipids and fatty acids <ref>Beach DH, Holz GGJr, Singh BN, Lindmark DG, 1991. '''Phospholipid metabolism of cultured Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus'''.Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 44(1:97-108;19)</ref>

T foetus has no known cyst stage, although carrier cows occur very rarely and the pathogenesis of th carrier state is unknown. Therefore, trophozoites replicate simply by binary fission. It is thought that T foetus feeds from host lipids and fatty acids <ref>Beach DH, Holz GGJr, Singh BN, Lindmark DG, 1991. '''Phospholipid metabolism of cultured Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus'''.Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 44(1:97-108;19)</ref>

T foetus is sometimes isolated from foetal gut and lung but this is unlikely to be due to invasion and more likely due to swallowing or inhalation of amniotic fluid in utero.

T foetus is sometimes isolated from foetal gut and lung but this is unlikely to be due to invasion and more likely due to swallowing or inhalation of amniotic fluid in utero.

===='''Cats'''====

===='''Cats'''====

'''''Cattle'''''

'''''Cattle'''''

Tritrichomoniasis is notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)

Tritrichomoniasis is notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)

Proteinases secreted by T foetus degrades substrates such as fibrinogen, albumin and immunoglobulins, thus altering the biological environment and resulting in embryonic death.

 

Proteinases secreted by T foetus degrade substrates such as fibrinogen, albumin and immunoglobulins, thus altering the biological environment and resulting in embryonic death.

Pyometra is occasionally observed in females but males show no clinical signs.

Pyometra is occasionally observed in females but males show no clinical signs.

For more information see [[Trichomonosis - Cattle]]

For more information see [[Trichomonosis - Cattle]]