Identification of enlarged lymph nodes without a raised rectal temperature may instigate suspicion.
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Agar Gel Immuno Diffusion (AGID) is the official standard test approved by most governments. This test is usually accurate by 2-4weeks following infection. This test however cannot differentiate between infected cattle and those with passive immunity from colostrum.
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Radioimmunoassay and serum or bulk milk ELISA are also available. Antibodies may not be present for up to 12 weeks following onset of infection.
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PCR can also be performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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Multiple, firm white tumours may be present in any organ on post-mortem examination. In young animals, the common sites are the kidneys, thymus, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. In adults, the heart, abomasum, and spinal cord are often involved.