Changes

{{Taxobox

{{Taxobox

|name              = Coxiella burnetii

|name              = ''Coxiella burnetii''

|kingdom            =

|kingdom            =

|sub-kingdom        =

|sub-kingdom        =

Worldwide except for New Zealand.

Worldwide except for New Zealand.

C. burnetii is transmitted by many species of '''[[Ticks | tick]]''', including  ''Amblyomma spp, Ixodes spp.'' and ''Dermacentor spp''.  it has two interacting cycles of development involving small and large cell variants. Both are infectious.

''C. burnetii'' is transmitted by many species of '''[[Ticks | tick]]''', including  ''Amblyomma spp, Ixodes spp.'' and ''Dermacentor spp''.  it has two interacting cycles of development involving small and large cell variants. Both are infectious.

Organisms can survive for '''long periods outside of a host'''; >586 days in tick faeces and months or years in the environment.

Organisms can survive for '''long periods outside of a host'''; >586 days in tick faeces and months or years in the environment.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

On gross examination, the '''placenta''' of Q fever abortions is '''red-brown''' with '''light brown/tan exudates''' and soft, necrotic cotyledons. The aborted foetus may show '''hepatomegaly, subcutaneous oedema''' and reddish fluid accumulation.  

On gross examination, the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology | '''placenta''']] of Q fever abortions is '''red-brown''' with '''light brown/tan exudates''' and soft, necrotic cotyledons. The aborted foetus may show '''hepatomegaly, subcutaneous oedema''' and reddish fluid accumulation.  

On histopathology, the placents is infiltrated by '''mononuclear cells''' and chorionic trophoblasts are necrotic. The exudates contains fibrin and neutrophils. The liver displays histological vascular endothelial proliferation and diffuse leucocytic inflammation. '''Lymph follicles''' in the '''spleen''' and bronchial lymph nodes may be hyperplastic. Renal epithelial cells show vascular dystrophy and proliferation of fibroblasts.   

On histopathology, the placents is infiltrated by '''mononuclear cells''' and chorionic trophoblasts are necrotic. The exudates contains fibrin and neutrophils. The [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology | liver]] displays histological vascular endothelial proliferation and diffuse leucocytic inflammation. '''Lymph follicles''' in the '''spleen''' and bronchial lymph nodes may be hyperplastic. Renal epithelial cells show vascular dystrophy and proliferation of fibroblasts.   

''C. burnetii'' can be confirmed by visualisation of '''smears''' from placenta, lung, liver and abomasums from the foetus or vaginal discharge, with '''Gimenez''' staining.

''C. burnetii'' can be confirmed by visualisation of '''smears''' from placenta, lung, liver and abomasums from the foetus or vaginal discharge, with '''Gimenez''' staining.

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Q Fever datasheet''', accessed 08/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Q Fever datasheet''', accessed 08/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]

[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]

[[Category:Rickettsiales]][[Category:Sheep Bacteria]][[Category:Goat Bacteria]][[Category:Cattle Bacteria]]

[[Category:Rickettsiales]][[Category:Sheep Bacteria]][[Category:Goat Bacteria]][[Category:Cattle Bacteria]]