|a1=Acute and chronic endometritis, pneumovagina, urine pooling and an incompetent cervix.
|l1=
|l1=
−
|q2=
+
|q2= What physical changes might be detected on clinical examination which indicate a possible cause of the infertility?
|a2=
|a2=
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(1) Poor conformation of the vulva and anus;
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(2) the presence of air bubbles in the vaginal and/or uterine mucous indicates the possibility of pneumovagina;
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(3) careful manual exploration may indicate injury to the cervix;
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(4) ballooning of the anterior vagina may indicate both pneumovagina or urine pooling;
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(5) palpation and speculum examination to determine the location of the urethral opening and of
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downward displacement of the cervix and anterior vagina anterior to the pelvic brim.
|l2=
|l2=
−
|q3=
+
|q3= Do you regard this mare’s vulva conformation to be a contributing factor to her infertility?
−
|a3=
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|a3= Yes.
|l3=
|l3=
−
|q4=
+
|q4= What importance is attached to the level of the pelvic brim in relation to the vulva?
−
|a4=
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|a4=The high level of the pelvic brim in relation to the vulva maintains an almost vertical vulva. A low pelvic brim may cause the vulva to tend to a horizontal position.