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Also Known As –''''' BEV – Enteric Cytopathic Bovine Orphan Virus - ECBO'''''

Also Known As: ''''' BEV – Enteric Cytopathic Bovine Orphan Virus – ECBO'''''

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Bovine enterovirus is a small '''RNA [[Picornaviridae|picornavirus]]''' causing '''[[Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology|reproductive]], [[Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology|gastrointestinal]] and [[Respiratory System|respiratory]] disease in cattle.''' Most have a low virulence.

Bovine enterovirus is a small '''RNA [[Picornaviridae|picornavirus]]''' causing '''[[:Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cattle|reproductive]], [[:Category:Alimentary Diseases - Cattle|gastrointestinal]] and [[:Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle|respiratory]] disease in cattle.''' Most have a low virulence.

The enteroviruses multiply primarily in the gastrointestinal tract but also in the muscles and nervous tissue. There are 10 recognised serotypes within 2 serogroups.

The enteroviruses multiply primarily in the gastrointestinal tract but also in the muscles and nervous tissue. There are 10 recognised serotypes within 2 serogroups.

BEV is also often found '''concurrently with other diseases''', including respiratory disease, abortions, rhinitis and [[Pneumonic Pasteurellosis|shipping fever]].

BEV is also often found '''concurrently with other diseases''', including [[:Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle|respiratory disease]], abortions, [[rhinitis]] and [[Pneumonic Pasteurellosis|shipping fever]].

Careful diagnosis is required due to serological and virological similarities with [[Foot and Mouth Disease]].  

Careful diagnosis is required due to serological and virological similarities with [[Foot and Mouth Disease]].  

Reproductive disease is the '''most common''' clinical presentation manifesting as '''abortion, stillbirths, infertility and neonatal deaths.'''

Reproductive disease is the '''most common''' clinical presentation manifesting as '''abortion, stillbirths, infertility and neonatal deaths.'''

'''[[Diarrhoea]]''' with mucus and dark colour

'''[[Diarrhoea]]''' with mucus and dark colour may also be seen as well as pyrexia, dehydration and weight loss. Dairy cows will show '''60-70% reduction in milk yield'''. Respiratory signs may include mucoid nasal discharge.

 

Pyrexia, dehydration, weight loss

 

'''60-70% reduction in milk yield'''

 

Mucoid nasal discharge

Infected cattle '''disseminate the virus continually through their faeces and nasal discharge''' and this can continue for more than three months after apparent recovery.

Infected cattle '''disseminate the virus continually through their faeces and nasal discharge''' and this can continue for more than three months after apparent recovery.

BEV can be '''isolated''' from faeces, oesophageal scrapings, vaginal mucosa, rectal swabs, semen, blood, placenta, foetal materials and fluids, lungs, salivary glands, small intestine, lymph nodes, nasal swabs and other organs.  

BEV can be '''isolated''' from faeces, oesophageal scrapings, vaginal mucosa, rectal swabs, semen, blood, placenta, foetal materials and fluids, lungs, salivary glands, small intestine, lymph nodes, nasal swabs and other organs.  

The virus can then be '''morphologically identified''' by electron microscopy, PCR, Complement Fixation, Antibody fluorescence and haemagglutination.

The virus can then be '''morphologically identified''' by electron microscopy, PCR, [[Complement Fixation]], [[Immunofluorescence|Antibody fluorescence]] and [[Haemagglutination|haemagglutination]].

'''Serum neutralisatino can detect antibodies''' to BEV.

'''Serum neutralisation can detect antibodies''' to BEV.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

'''Isolation and adequate disinfection''' are important in containing outbreaks.  

'''Isolation and adequate disinfection''' are important in containing outbreaks.  

No vaccine is available.

No vaccine is available.

{{Learning  

{{Learning  

|flashcards = [[Bovine Enterovirus Flashcards]]

|flashcards = [[Bovine Enterovirus Flashcards]]

}}

}}

==References==

==References==

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Bovine Enterovirus Infections datasheet''', accessed 16/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Bovine Enterovirus Infections datasheet''', accessed 16/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]

 

[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Cattle]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]