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→Diagnosis
Serological tests comprise of '''virus neutralisation, [[ELISA testing|ELISA]] and indirect immunofluorescence''', of which neutralisation is the most sensitive and can be used from one week after initial infection. Antibodies to ANV are however often an incidental finding.
Serological tests comprise of '''virus neutralisation, [[ELISA testing|ELISA]] and indirect immunofluorescence''', of which neutralisation is the most sensitive and can be used from one week after initial infection. Antibodies to ANV are however often an incidental finding.
On '''post-mortem''', nephrosis and widespread '''urate deposits''' are often present in young birds. Kidneys have a '''pale cortex and general pale yellowish discolouration. Gouty nodules and tubular casts''' have been observed in some cases. Granulocyte infiltration is often seen with tubule degeneration on histological analysis. Nuclei of affected tubular cells are often swollen or fragmented due to viral propagation. General signs of '''enteritis''' are often present grossly, microscopically and histologically but are non-specific.
On '''post-mortem''', nephritis and widespread '''urate deposits''' are often present in young birds. Kidneys have a '''pale cortex and general pale yellowish discolouration. Gouty nodules and tubular casts''' have been observed in some cases. Granulocyte infiltration is often seen with tubule degeneration on histological analysis. Nuclei of affected tubular cells are often swollen or fragmented due to viral propagation. General signs of '''enteritis''' are often present grossly, microscopically and histologically but are non-specific.
In cases of '''Infectious Shunting Syndrome (ISS)''', lesions appear in the '''crypts of lieberkuhn''' featuring '''degenerate macrophages''' accumulating in the lamina propria and cystic crypts in the jejunum. Mineralisation and fibrosis may result in advanced chronic cases of ISS.
In cases of '''Infectious Shunting Syndrome (ISS)''', lesions appear in the '''crypts of lieberkuhn''' featuring '''degenerate macrophages''' accumulating in the lamina propria and cystic crypts in the jejunum. Mineralisation and fibrosis may result in advanced chronic cases of ISS.
==Treatment==
==Treatment==