Changes

The following methods have been used to help diagnose Avian Encephalomyelitis; Virus Neutralization test, Agar Gel test, Embryo Susceptibility test and more recently an '''Elisa test'''.  All of the tests indicate the presense of antibodies but not necessarily the presence of the disease.  Diagnosis can be achieved confirmed by either histopathology or by virus isolation. Classic diagnosis is typically made by the presence of brain lesions shown histologically.

The following methods have been used to help diagnose Avian Encephalomyelitis; Virus Neutralization test, Agar Gel test, Embryo Susceptibility test and more recently an '''Elisa test'''.  All of the tests indicate the presense of antibodies but not necessarily the presence of the disease.  Diagnosis can be achieved confirmed by either histopathology or by virus isolation. Classic diagnosis is typically made by the presence of brain lesions shown histologically.

Grossly, lymphocytic infiltration of the muscular region of the ventriculus has also been noted as well as perivascular infiltration within the brain and chord, with the exception of the cerebellum, where lesions can be found only in the nucleus cerebellaris.  '''Pathognomonic lesions can be found within the midbrain and rotundua and ovidalis nucleus  (microglisosis) and proventriculus (dense nodules within the muscular wall)'''.  Lesions can also be present in the pancreas.  

Grossly, lymphocytic infiltration of the muscular region of the ventriculus has also been noted as well as perivascular infiltration within the brain and chord, with the exception of the cerebellum, where lesions can be found only in the nucleus cerebellaris.  '''Pathognomonic lesions can be found within the midbrain and rotundua and ovidalis nucleus  (microglisosis)''' and '''proventriculus (dense nodules within the muscular wall)'''.  Lesions can also be present in the pancreas.  

'''Differential diagnosis''': include [[Newcastle Disease Virus| Newcastle disease (ND)]], [[Equine Viral Encephalitis| Equine encephalomyelitis infection]], nutritional disturbances ([[Rickets| rickets]], encephalomalacia, riboflavin deficiency), and [[Mareks Disease| Marek’s disease]] <ref name="Calnek, 2003">Calnek, B.W.(2003). '''Avian Encephalomyelitis'''. In: Saif, Y.M., Barnes, H.J., Glisson, J.R., Fadly, A.M., McDougald, L.R., Swayne, D.E., eds. ''Diseases of Poultry''. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State Press, 271-282.</ref>

'''Differential diagnosis''': include [[Newcastle Disease Virus| Newcastle disease (ND)]], [[Equine Viral Encephalitis| Equine encephalomyelitis infection]], nutritional disturbances ([[Rickets| rickets]], encephalomalacia, riboflavin deficiency), and [[Mareks Disease| Marek’s disease]] <ref name="Calnek, 2003">Calnek, B.W.(2003). '''Avian Encephalomyelitis'''. In: Saif, Y.M., Barnes, H.J., Glisson, J.R., Fadly, A.M., McDougald, L.R., Swayne, D.E., eds. ''Diseases of Poultry''. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State Press, 271-282.</ref>