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Actinobacillosis - Pig Flashcards (view source)
Revision as of 08:40, 27 June 2011
, 08:40, 27 June 2011no edit summary
<FlashCard questions="11">
<FlashCard questions="11">
|q1=What is a prion (PrP)?
|q1=What causes actinobacillosis in pigs?
|a1=
|a1= ''Actinobacillus suis'' - a beta-haemolytic Gram-negative bacterium.
|l1=Actinobacillus suis#Introduction
|l1=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Introduction
|q2=Is actinobacillosis a zoonosis?
|q2=How are cattle exposed to BSE?
|a2=It is not considered a zoonosis but there has been a report of human infection after a pig bite
|a2=
|l2=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Introduction
|q3=What herds are more susceptible to ''A.suis''?
|l2=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Introduction
|a3=High health status herds with lower immune challenges.
|q3=What is the average incubation time of BSE?
|l3=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Signalment
|a3=
|q4=What environmental factors can exacerbate this disease?
|l3=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Signalmet
|q4=What are the main clinical signs of BSE in cattle?
|a4=
|a4=
* Progressive neurological and behavioural changes
*Temperature fluctuation
* Changes in sensation and temperament (increased agression)
*High humidity
* Progressive weakness and hind-limb ataxia
*Mixing of pigs of different ages
* Decreased milk yield
*Overcrowding
|l4=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Clinical signs
Genetic make up and immune status can also influence infectivity rate and clinical signs.
|q5=What area of the brain do prions mainly accumulate in?
|l4=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Signalmet
|a5= In the medulla oblongata (Obex)
|q5=What age ranges of pigs are affected by this disease?
|l5=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Diagnosis
|a5= The disease affects suckling, weanling and fattening pigs, and adult pigs and it is thought that it colonises piglets within the first three weeks of life.
|q6=Can serological tests be used for BSE?
|l5=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Introduction
|a6= No, because BSE does not cause an immune or inflammatory response.
|q6=What clinical signs can be associated with actinobacillosis?
|l6=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Diagnosis
|a6=
|q7=How is BSE diagnosed?
* Lethargy, depression, '''erysipelas-like lesions''', abscesses, haemorrhage, vomiting/regurgitation and '''lameness''', '''multiple joint swelling''', dysphagia, lymphadenopathy, '''anorexia''', unthriftiness, '''pneumonia''' and '''sudden death'''
|a7=
*'''Cardiorespiratory signs:''' tachycardia, murmurs, changes in heart rate, purulent or serous occulonasal discharges, sneezing, coughing, abnormal lung sounds, dyspnoea, '''cyanosis''' and open mouthed breathing
*'''Aural purulent mucoid discharge''',rubbing and scratching their ears and deafness
*Neurological signs such as head tilt, circling, '''temors''', '''paraparesis''' and '''ataxia'''
*Ocular signs such as '''corneal oedema''' and '''ulceration'''
In '''sows''' it can cause '''agalactia, mastitis, abortions, still births''' or '''weak piglets'''.
|l7=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Diagnosis
|l6=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Clinical Signs
|q8=What are the most important control measures for BSE?
|q7=How can ''actinobacillus'' be diagnosed?
|a7= By the isolation of ''A. suis'', from '''culturing infected tissue'''.
|l7=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Diagnosis
|q8=What can be seen on post mortem with this disease?
|a8=
|a8=
* The 1988 feed ban prohibiting the feeding of ruminant derived meat and bone meal (MBM) to ruminants
*Serous or '''fibrinous exudates''' in the thorax and pericardium
* Post mortem testing schemes
*'''Ecchymotic haemorrhages''' in kidneys, lungs, liver, spleen and other organisms
|l8=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Diagnosis
|l8=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Diagnosis
|q9=What are the differential diagnosis for ''actinobacillosis'' in pigs?
|q9=Is BSE a zoonosis?
|a9=
|a9= Yes, there is evidence to suggest that humans are at risk of developing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)from eating BSE infected meat.
*Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
|l9=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Control
*Erysipelas
|q10= What measures have been put in place to reduce the risk of humans developing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)?
*Glasser's Disease
*Streptococcus suis
*Mulberry Heart Disease
|l9=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Diagnosis
|q10=How is actinobacillosis in pigs treated?
|a10=
|a10=
*All visible nervous and lymphatic tissue that are classified as '''specified risk materials (SRM)''' are removed during the processing of cattle
*'''Ceftioufur, gentamicin''' and '''trimethoprim/sulfadiazine''' (good sensitivity)
*Ampicillin, neomycin, sulfadimethoxine and tiamulin (moderate sensitivity)
Culture and sensitivity is recommended.
|l10=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Control
|l10=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Treatment
|q11=What are the specified risk material (SRM) for cattle?
|q11=How is actinobacillosis in pigs controlled?
|a11=
|a11=
Currently there is no commercial vaccine for ''A. suis''. '''Routine biosecurity''' and '''disinfection''' should be followed and maintained.
|l11=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Control
|l11=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Control
</FlashCard>
</FlashCard>
==Further links==
[[Actinobacillus suis| Actinobacillus suis'']]
[[Actinobacillus suis Flashcards| ''Actinobacillus suis'' Flashcards]]
[[Category: Pig Flashcards]]
[[Category:Pig Flashcards]]
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
[[Category: To Do - Jaimie Meagor]]
[[Category:Respiratory Diseases Flashcards]] [[Category:Integumentary Diseases Flashcards]] [[Category:Neurological Diseases Flashcards]] [[Category:Reproductive Diseases Flashcards]]