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Actinobacillosis - Pig Flashcards (view source)
Revision as of 20:45, 23 June 2011
, 20:45, 23 June 2011no edit summary
<FlashCard questions="11">
<FlashCard questions="11">
|q1=What is a prion (PrP)?
|q1=What causes ''actinobacillosis'' in pigs?
|a1=
|a1= ''Actinobacillus suis'' - a beta-haemolytic Gram-negative bacterium.
|l1=Actinobacillus suis
|l1=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Introduction
#Introduction
|q2=How are cattle exposed to BSE?
|q2=Is actinobacillosis a zoonosis?
|a2=
|a2=It is not considered a zoonosis but there has been a report of human infection after a pig bite
|l2=Actinobacillosis - Pig
|l2=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Introduction
#Introduction
|q3=What is the average incubation time of BSE?
|q3=What herds are more susceptible to ''A.suis''?
|a3=
|a3=High health status herds with lower immune challenges.
|l3=Actinobacillosis - Pig
|l3=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Signalmet
#Signalmet
|q4=What are the main clinical signs of BSE in cattle?
|q4=What environmental factors can exaccerbate this disease?
|a4=
|a4=
* Progressive neurological and behavioural changes
*Temperature fluctuation
* Changes in sensation and temperament (increased agression)
*High humidity
* Progressive weakness and hind-limb ataxia
*Mixing of pigs of different ages
* Decreased milk yield
*Overcrowding
Genetic make up and immune status can also influence infectivity rate and clinical signs.
|q5=What area of the brain do prions mainly accumulate in?
l4=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Signalmet
|a5= In the medulla oblongata (Obex)
|q5=What age ranges of pigs are affected by this disease?
|l5=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Diagnosis
|a5= The disease affects suckling, weanling and fattening pigs, and adult pigs and it is thought that it colonisesmin piglets within the first three weeks of life.
|q6=Can serological tests be used for BSE?
|l5=Actinobacillosis - Pig#Introduction
|a6= No, because BSE does not cause an immune or inflammatory response.
|q6=What clinical signs can be associated with actinobacillosis?
|a6= Clinical signs vary from fever, lethargy, depression, '''erysipelas-like lesions''', abscesses, haemorrhage, vomiting/regurgitation and '''lameness''' and '''multiple joint swelling'''.
More serious cases progress to '''pneumonia''' (clinical signs similar to [[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae#Clinical Signs| ''A. pleuropneumoniae'']]) and '''sudden death'''. '''Cardiorespiratory signs''' include tachycardia, heart murmurs, purulent or serous occulonasal discharges, sneezing, coughing, abnormal lung sounds, dyspnoea, '''cyanosis''' changes in heart rate and open mouthed breathing.
'''Aural purulent mucoid discharge''' and increased amounts of wax are present along with a '''foul odour'''. Pigs can become '''deaf''' and are often found rubbing and scratching their ears. Affected animals are in a lot of pain and discomfort and suffer from dysphagia, lymphadenopathy, '''anorexia''', and unthriftiness.
In '''sows'' it can cause '''agalactia, mastitis, abortions, still births''' or '''weak piglets'''.
Neurological signs include head tilt, circling, '''temors''', nystagmus, strabismus, decreased or absent menace response, ptosis, miosis or meiosis, photophobia, headshaking, opisthotonus, facial paralysis, '''paraparesis''' and '''ataxia'''. Further occular signs associated with this disease is '''corneal oedema''' and '''ulceration'''.
|l6=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Diagnosis
|l6=Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy#Diagnosis
|q7=How is BSE diagnosed?
|q7=How is BSE diagnosed?